% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 6502 % Primary Name: TORONTO MALVERN % Record Type: TAVG % Country: Canada % Latitude: 43.80000 +/- 0.00500 % Longitude: -79.23000 +/- 0.00500 % Elevation (m): 160.00 +/- 0.50 % # of Months: 233 % % IDs: ghcnd - CA006158738 % % Sources: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % % Site Hash: a0fd3fdbf5e94549e3217ee7f65c3784 % Raw Data Hash: 022648ee37c33a45286d3fc2514865d9 % Adj Data Hash: 7ed92a32ddaddde0b9f71d0e1ddde97b % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1973 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -6.043 2.384 1973 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -8.826 -1.352 1973 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.057 5.008 1973 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.426 0.851 1973 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.754 -1.260 1973 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.217 0.955 1973 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.665 0.705 1973 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.388 2.340 1973 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.966 0.178 1973 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.434 1.932 1973 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.525 1.128 1973 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.785 -0.489 1974 1 -4.606 2.541 1 0 NaN NaN -7.296 1.131 1974 2 -7.377 -1.183 0 0 -7.323 -1.129 -9.469 -1.995 1974 3 -1.085 -0.414 0 0 -1.021 -0.350 -2.189 -0.238 1974 4 7.402 0.547 0 0 7.494 0.639 6.965 1.390 1974 5 10.413 -2.881 0 0 10.453 -2.841 9.774 -2.240 1974 6 17.038 -1.503 0 0 16.968 -1.574 16.575 -0.687 1974 7 21.123 -0.117 0 0 20.994 -0.246 19.704 -0.256 1974 8 20.511 0.183 0 0 20.433 0.106 19.210 0.162 1974 9 14.510 -1.558 0 0 14.549 -1.519 13.226 -1.562 1974 10 7.506 -2.275 0 0 7.664 -2.118 6.512 -1.989 1974 11 3.258 -0.419 0 0 3.487 -0.191 3.227 0.830 1974 12 -0.752 3.265 0 0 -0.539 3.477 -2.811 2.486 1975 1 -3.215 3.932 0 0 -3.091 4.056 -5.460 2.967 1975 2 -3.418 2.776 0 0 -3.364 2.830 -5.698 1.776 1975 3 -2.084 -1.413 0 0 -2.019 -1.348 -3.250 -1.299 1975 4 2.817 -4.038 0 0 2.909 -3.946 2.770 -2.805 1975 5 15.868 2.574 0 0 15.908 2.614 15.225 3.211 1975 6 18.843 0.302 0 0 18.773 0.231 18.038 0.776 1975 7 22.540 1.301 0 0 22.412 1.172 20.917 0.957 1975 8 20.661 0.333 0 0 20.583 0.256 19.675 0.627 1975 9 14.263 -1.804 0 0 14.302 -1.765 13.150 -1.638 1975 10 10.473 0.691 0 0 10.630 0.849 9.760 1.259 1975 11 7.025 3.348 0 0 7.254 3.576 6.503 4.106 1975 12 -4.661 -0.645 0 0 -4.449 -0.433 -7.244 -1.948 1976 1 -8.961 -1.814 0 0 -8.838 -1.691 -11.406 -2.979 1976 2 -2.028 4.167 1 0 NaN NaN -4.077 3.397 1976 3 0.352 1.023 0 0 0.416 1.087 -0.992 0.959 1976 4 7.967 1.112 0 0 8.059 1.204 7.703 2.128 1976 5 11.127 -2.167 0 0 11.168 -2.126 10.298 -1.716 1976 6 19.835 1.293 0 0 19.764 1.222 18.779 1.517 1976 7 19.703 -1.537 0 0 19.575 -1.665 18.880 -1.080 1976 8 19.053 -1.275 0 0 18.975 -1.352 18.222 -0.825 1976 9 15.162 -0.906 0 0 15.200 -0.867 13.907 -0.881 1976 10 6.774 -3.007 0 0 6.932 -2.850 5.967 -2.534 1976 11 0.702 -2.976 0 0 0.930 -2.747 0.453 -1.945 1976 12 -7.074 -3.058 0 0 -6.862 -2.846 -10.037 -4.741 1977 1 -10.737 -3.590 0 0 -10.614 -3.467 -12.820 -4.393 1977 2 -5.320 0.874 0 0 -5.266 0.928 -7.266 0.208 1977 3 2.569 3.240 0 0 2.634 3.305 1.679 3.630 1977 4 7.850 0.995 1 0 NaN NaN 7.196 1.621 1977 5 15.484 2.190 0 0 15.524 2.230 14.154 2.140 1977 6 17.367 -1.175 0 0 17.296 -1.246 16.250 -1.012 1977 7 21.105 -0.135 0 0 20.976 -0.264 20.259 0.299 1977 8 19.113 -1.215 0 0 19.035 -1.293 18.088 -0.960 1977 9 15.842 -0.226 0 0 15.880 -0.187 14.778 -0.010 1977 10 8.694 -1.088 0 0 8.851 -0.930 7.640 -0.862 1977 11 4.333 0.656 0 0 4.562 0.884 4.207 1.810 1977 12 -4.121 -0.105 0 0 -3.909 0.108 -6.769 -1.473 1978 1 -8.290 -1.143 0 0 -8.167 -1.020 -10.634 -2.207 1978 2 -8.902 -2.708 0 0 -8.848 -2.654 -11.397 -3.923 1978 3 -3.089 -2.418 0 0 -3.024 -2.353 -4.535 -2.584 1978 4 4.450 -2.405 0 0 4.542 -2.313 4.007 -1.568 1978 5 13.500 0.206 0 0 13.540 0.246 12.983 0.969 1978 6 17.592 -0.950 0 0 17.521 -1.021 16.289 -0.972 1978 7 21.234 -0.006 0 0 21.105 -0.134 19.945 -0.015 1978 8 20.379 0.051 0 0 20.301 -0.027 19.184 0.136 1978 9 15.283 -0.784 0 0 15.322 -0.745 13.663 -1.125 1978 10 8.734 -1.048 0 0 8.891 -0.890 7.515 -0.987 1978 11 3.117 -0.561 0 0 3.345 -0.332 2.839 0.441 1978 12 -2.484 1.533 0 0 -2.272 1.745 -4.854 0.442 1979 1 -7.548 -0.401 0 0 -7.425 -0.278 -9.372 -0.945 1979 2 -10.625 -4.431 0 0 -10.571 -4.377 -12.742 -5.268 1979 3 1.476 2.147 0 0 1.540 2.211 1.063 3.014 1979 4 5.225 -1.630 0 0 5.317 -1.538 5.532 -0.043 1979 5 11.718 -1.576 0 0 11.758 -1.536 11.732 -0.282 1979 6 17.433 -1.108 0 0 17.363 -1.179 16.787 -0.475 1979 7 21.202 -0.038 0 0 21.073 -0.167 20.257 0.297 1979 8 19.258 -1.070 0 0 19.180 -1.148 18.136 -0.912 1979 9 15.617 -0.451 0 0 15.655 -0.412 14.558 -0.230 1979 10 8.605 -1.177 0 0 8.762 -1.019 8.043 -0.458 1979 11 4.108 0.431 0 0 4.337 0.659 4.715 2.317 1979 12 -1.242 2.774 0 0 -1.030 2.987 -3.394 1.902 1980 1 -4.935 2.211 0 0 -4.812 2.335 -6.940 1.487 1980 2 -7.784 -1.590 0 0 -7.731 -1.537 -9.579 -2.105 1980 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.703 -0.751 1980 4 6.417 -0.438 0 0 6.509 -0.346 6.574 0.999 1980 5 14.492 1.198 0 0 14.532 1.238 13.411 1.396 1980 6 15.381 -3.161 0 0 15.310 -3.232 14.343 -2.919 1980 7 21.081 -0.159 0 0 20.952 -0.288 19.888 -0.072 1980 8 21.887 1.559 0 0 21.809 1.481 20.533 1.485 1980 9 15.467 -0.601 0 0 15.505 -0.562 14.488 -0.299 1980 10 7.363 -2.418 0 0 7.520 -2.261 6.741 -1.760 1980 11 1.908 -1.769 0 0 2.137 -1.541 1.619 -0.779 1980 12 -6.629 -2.613 0 0 -6.417 -2.400 -9.599 -4.303 1981 1 -10.900 -3.753 1 0 NaN NaN -13.119 -4.693 1981 2 -1.616 4.578 0 0 -1.563 4.631 -2.894 4.580 1981 3 0.384 1.055 0 0 0.448 1.119 -0.261 1.690 1981 4 7.408 0.553 0 0 7.501 0.646 6.972 1.397 1981 5 12.113 -1.181 0 0 12.153 -1.141 11.678 -0.336 1981 6 17.936 -0.606 0 0 17.865 -0.677 16.845 -0.417 1981 7 21.218 -0.022 0 0 21.089 -0.151 20.476 0.516 1981 8 19.952 -0.376 0 0 19.874 -0.454 18.922 -0.126 1981 9 14.983 -1.084 0 0 15.022 -1.045 13.978 -0.810 1981 10 6.887 -2.894 0 0 7.045 -2.737 6.204 -2.298 1981 11 3.833 0.156 0 0 4.062 0.384 3.347 0.950 1981 12 -2.279 1.738 0 0 -2.067 1.950 -4.552 0.744 1982 1 -9.635 -2.489 0 0 -9.512 -2.365 -12.636 -4.209 1982 2 -5.821 0.373 0 0 -5.768 0.426 -8.103 -0.629 1982 3 -1.266 -0.595 0 0 -1.202 -0.531 -2.703 -0.752 1982 4 4.917 -1.938 0 0 5.009 -1.846 4.268 -1.307 1982 5 14.702 1.408 0 0 14.742 1.448 13.982 1.968 1982 6 15.808 -2.733 0 0 15.738 -2.804 15.185 -2.077 1982 7 21.645 0.405 0 0 21.517 0.277 19.957 -0.003 1982 8 18.381 -1.947 0 0 18.303 -2.024 16.736 -2.312 1982 9 15.467 -0.601 0 0 15.505 -0.562 14.361 -0.427 1982 10 10.274 0.493 0 0 10.432 0.650 9.221 0.720 1982 11 4.650 0.973 0 0 4.879 1.201 4.444 2.047 1982 12 0.976 4.992 0 0 1.188 5.204 -1.431 3.865 1983 1 -3.597 3.550 0 0 -3.473 3.674 -6.286 2.141 1983 2 -2.804 3.391 0 0 -2.750 3.444 -4.725 2.749 1983 3 0.911 1.582 0 0 0.976 1.647 0.184 2.135 1983 4 5.858 -0.997 0 0 5.951 -0.904 5.250 -0.325 1983 5 10.419 -2.875 0 0 10.460 -2.834 9.948 -2.066 1983 6 18.983 0.442 0 0 18.913 0.371 17.615 0.353 1983 7 23.250 2.010 0 0 23.121 1.882 21.462 1.502 1983 8 21.468 1.140 0 0 21.390 1.062 20.229 1.181 1983 9 17.708 1.641 0 0 17.747 1.679 16.252 1.464 1983 10 9.968 0.186 0 0 10.125 0.344 8.708 0.206 1983 11 3.408 -0.269 0 0 3.637 -0.041 2.952 0.555 1983 12 -5.371 -1.355 0 0 -5.159 -1.142 -8.023 -2.727 1984 1 -8.339 -1.192 0 0 -8.215 -1.068 -10.828 -2.401 1984 2 -1.121 5.073 0 0 -1.067 5.127 -2.889 4.585 1984 3 -4.032 -3.361 0 0 -3.968 -3.297 -5.653 -3.702 1984 4 7.457 0.602 1 0 NaN NaN 7.224 1.649 1984 5 10.823 -2.471 0 0 10.863 -2.431 9.781 -2.233 1984 6 18.792 0.250 0 0 18.721 0.179 17.460 0.198 1984 7 20.605 -0.635 0 0 20.476 -0.764 19.270 -0.690 1984 8 21.798 1.471 0 0 21.721 1.393 20.251 1.203 1984 9 14.561 -1.506 0 0 14.600 -1.468 13.302 -1.485 1984 10 10.798 1.017 0 0 10.956 1.174 10.226 1.724 1984 11 3.083 -0.594 0 0 3.312 -0.366 2.985 0.588 1984 12 0.081 4.097 0 0 0.293 4.309 -2.045 3.251 1985 1 -7.984 -0.837 0 0 -7.861 -0.714 -10.549 -2.122 1985 2 -5.295 0.899 0 0 -5.241 0.953 -6.820 0.655 1985 3 0.419 1.090 0 0 0.484 1.155 -0.610 1.341 1985 4 7.175 0.320 0 0 7.267 0.412 7.088 1.513 1985 5 13.815 0.520 0 0 13.855 0.561 12.582 0.568 1985 6 15.992 -2.550 0 0 15.921 -2.621 15.088 -2.173 1985 7 20.411 -0.829 0 0 20.283 -0.957 19.087 -0.873 1985 8 19.847 -0.481 0 0 19.769 -0.559 18.235 -0.813 1985 9 17.283 1.216 0 0 17.322 1.255 15.869 1.082 1985 10 9.955 0.173 0 0 10.112 0.331 9.266 0.764 1985 11 2.950 -0.727 0 0 3.179 -0.499 3.085 0.687 1985 12 -4.581 -0.564 0 0 -4.368 -0.352 -7.036 -1.740 1986 1 -5.863 1.284 0 0 -5.740 1.407 -7.957 0.470 1986 2 -6.313 -0.118 0 0 -6.259 -0.065 -8.220 -0.746 1986 3 0.823 1.494 0 0 0.887 1.558 -0.257 1.694 1986 4 7.675 0.820 0 0 7.767 0.912 8.226 2.651 1986 5 14.790 1.496 0 0 14.831 1.537 13.802 1.788 1986 6 16.958 -1.583 0 0 16.888 -1.654 15.848 -1.414 1986 7 21.347 0.107 0 0 21.218 -0.022 20.163 0.203 1986 8 18.694 -1.634 0 0 18.616 -1.712 17.744 -1.304 1986 9 14.750 -1.318 0 0 14.789 -1.279 14.139 -0.649 1986 10 9.177 -0.604 0 0 9.335 -0.447 8.523 0.021 1986 11 1.758 -1.919 0 0 1.987 -1.691 1.827 -0.571 1986 12 -1.298 2.718 0 0 -1.086 2.930 -3.254 2.042 1987 1 -4.484 2.663 0 0 -4.361 2.786 -6.697 1.729 1987 2 -5.348 0.846 0 0 -5.295 0.899 -7.765 -0.291 1987 3 1.758 2.429 0 0 1.822 2.494 0.768 2.719 1987 4 8.925 2.070 0 0 9.017 2.162 9.311 3.736 1987 5 14.944 1.650 0 0 14.984 1.690 13.529 1.515 1987 6 19.625 1.083 0 0 19.554 1.012 18.388 1.126 1987 7 22.855 1.615 0 0 22.726 1.486 21.616 1.656 1987 8 19.992 -0.336 0 0 19.914 -0.414 18.859 -0.189 1987 9 15.817 -0.251 0 0 15.855 -0.212 15.095 0.307 1987 10 7.718 -2.063 0 0 7.875 -1.906 6.863 -1.639 1987 11 3.308 -0.369 0 0 3.537 -0.141 3.138 0.741 1987 12 -0.194 3.823 0 0 0.019 4.035 -2.409 2.887 1988 1 -4.847 2.300 0 0 -4.723 2.424 -7.079 1.348 1988 2 -6.000 0.194 0 0 -5.946 0.248 -7.779 -0.305 1988 3 -0.460 0.211 0 0 -0.395 0.276 -1.706 0.245 1988 4 6.133 -0.722 0 0 6.226 -0.629 6.046 0.471 1988 5 14.468 1.174 0 0 14.508 1.214 13.599 1.585 1988 6 18.858 0.317 0 0 18.788 0.246 16.816 -0.445 1988 7 23.532 2.292 0 0 23.404 2.164 22.262 2.302 1988 8 22.113 1.785 0 0 22.035 1.707 20.537 1.489 1988 9 15.933 -0.134 0 0 15.972 -0.096 14.400 -0.388 1988 10 7.516 -2.265 0 0 7.674 -2.108 6.451 -2.050 1988 11 4.467 0.789 0 0 4.695 1.018 4.700 2.302 1988 12 -2.782 1.234 0 0 -2.570 1.446 -5.576 -0.280 1989 1 -2.234 4.913 0 0 -2.111 5.036 -4.635 3.792 1989 2 -6.045 0.149 0 0 -5.991 0.203 -7.922 -0.448 1989 3 -2.218 -1.547 0 0 -2.153 -1.482 -3.486 -1.535 1989 4 4.767 -2.088 0 0 4.859 -1.996 4.382 -1.193 1989 5 13.266 -0.028 0 0 13.306 0.012 12.468 0.454 1989 6 18.789 0.247 0 0 18.718 0.177 18.007 0.746 1989 7 22.556 1.317 0 4 23.049 1.809 21.074 1.114 1989 8 20.629 0.301 0 0 20.927 0.599 18.976 -0.072 1989 9 16.181 0.113 0 0 16.032 -0.035 14.845 0.057 1989 10 10.306 0.525 0 0 9.704 -0.078 9.070 0.569 1989 11 2.392 -1.286 0 0 1.516 -2.161 2.040 -0.357 1989 12 -9.605 -5.588 0 0 -10.417 -6.401 -13.063 -7.766 1990 1 -0.831 6.316 0 0 -1.303 5.844 -2.809 5.618 1990 2 -3.473 2.721 0 0 -3.678 2.516 -5.474 2.000 1990 3 1.024 1.695 0 0 0.778 1.449 -0.178 1.773 1990 4 8.667 1.812 0 0 8.313 1.458 7.722 2.147 1990 5 12.161 -1.133 0 0 12.007 -1.287 10.917 -1.098 1990 6 19.050 0.508 0 0 19.321 0.780 17.583 0.322 1990 7 21.492 0.252 0 0 21.984 0.744 20.088 0.128 1990 8 21.016 0.688 0 0 21.314 0.986 19.780 0.732 1990 9 16.208 0.141 0 0 16.060 -0.008 14.297 -0.491 1990 10 9.806 0.025 0 0 9.204 -0.578 8.600 0.099 1990 11 4.825 1.148 0 0 3.950 0.272 4.310 1.912 1990 12 -0.435 3.581 0 0 -1.248 2.768 -3.020 2.277 1991 1 -5.427 1.720 0 0 -5.900 1.247 -7.880 0.546 1991 2 -1.857 4.337 0 0 -2.062 4.132 -4.227 3.247 1991 3 1.556 2.228 0 0 1.310 1.981 0.362 2.313 1991 4 8.615 1.760 0 0 8.262 1.407 8.127 2.552 1991 5 16.650 3.356 0 0 16.496 3.202 15.052 3.038 1991 6 20.503 1.961 0 0 20.774 2.232 18.816 1.554 1991 7 22.250 1.010 0 0 22.742 1.503 20.742 0.782 1991 8 22.363 2.035 0 0 22.661 2.333 20.448 1.400 1991 9 16.075 0.007 0 0 15.926 -0.141 14.240 -0.548 1991 10 10.944 1.162 0 0 10.341 0.559 9.795 1.293 1991 11 2.975 -0.702 0 0 2.100 -1.578 2.704 0.307 1991 12 -1.830 2.186 0 0 -2.643 1.374 -5.164 0.132 1992 1 -4.363 2.784 0 0 -4.835 2.312 -7.146 1.281 1992 2 -3.793 2.401 0 0 -3.998 2.196 -6.061 1.413 1992 3 -1.177 -0.506 0 0 -1.424 -0.753 -3.420 -1.469 1992 4 5.867 -0.988 0 0 5.513 -1.342 5.225 -0.350 1992 5 12.968 -0.326 0 0 12.814 -0.480 11.852 -0.162 1992 6 17.100 -1.442 0 0 17.371 -1.170 15.725 -1.537 1992 7 18.161 -3.079 0 0 18.654 -2.586 17.332 -2.628 1992 8 18.678 -1.649 0 0 18.976 -1.351 17.258 -1.790 1992 9 15.308 -0.759 0 0 15.160 -0.908 14.346 -0.441 1992 10 8.000 -1.781 0 0 7.397 -2.384 6.686 -1.815 1992 11 3.325 -0.352 0 0 2.450 -1.228 2.950 0.552 1992 12 -1.081 2.936 0 0 -1.893 2.123 -4.277 1.019 1993 1 -3.500 3.647 0 0 -3.972 3.175 -6.173 2.254 1993 2 -7.723 -1.529 0 0 -7.928 -1.734 -11.084 -3.610 1993 3 -1.226 -0.555 0 0 -1.472 -0.801 -3.004 -1.053 1993 4 6.767 -0.088 0 0 6.413 -0.442 6.322 0.747 1993 5 12.944 -0.350 0 0 12.789 -0.505 11.947 -0.067 1993 6 17.450 -1.092 1 0 NaN NaN 16.500 -0.762 1993 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.717 0.757 1993 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.362 1.314 1993 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 13.268 -1.519 1993 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.372 -1.129 1993 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2.577 0.180 1993 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -4.947 0.349 1994 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -14.869 -6.443 1994 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -10.368 -2.894 1994 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.696 0.255 1994 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.624 1.049 1994 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.737 -1.277 1994 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.112 0.850