% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 41249 % Primary Name: BILLINGS WFO % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: MT % Latitude: 45.75080 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -108.57060 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 970.79 +/- 0.15 % # of Months: 177 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 240801 % % IDs: coop - 240801 % ghcnd - USC00240801 % ncdc - 30000648 % nws - BYZ % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % US Cooperative Summary of the Month % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 579bda522432f036585e8e6047eb48e5 % Raw Data Hash: f63ca866f6a48d1d7e1151bfbc2b81df % Adj Data Hash: 8854f6ec379ea600c91052e3b50573ef % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1998 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.639 3.648 1998 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.168 -0.013 1998 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.341 1.306 1998 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.713 1.106 1998 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.548 -3.551 1998 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.936 1.652 1998 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.972 1.546 1998 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.643 3.498 1998 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.000 1.070 1998 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.560 1.727 1998 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -4.389 -0.681 1999 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.973 3.334 1999 2 3.500 3.794 0 0 3.568 3.862 1.471 4.479 1999 3 4.500 2.941 0 0 4.518 2.959 1.394 2.550 1999 4 7.167 0.418 0 0 7.171 0.422 3.260 -0.775 1999 5 12.444 0.123 0 0 12.426 0.105 8.986 -0.621 1999 6 17.611 0.797 0 0 17.557 0.744 12.904 -1.196 1999 7 21.389 0.392 0 0 21.336 0.338 17.994 -0.290 1999 8 22.278 2.138 0 0 22.269 2.129 18.710 1.284 1999 9 13.222 -1.637 0 0 13.257 -1.602 10.386 -1.759 1999 10 9.833 0.190 0 0 9.904 0.261 9.085 2.156 1999 11 6.778 4.230 0 0 6.901 4.353 5.381 5.547 1999 12 1.722 2.716 0 0 1.887 2.881 0.170 3.878 2000 1 -3.167 0.426 0 0 -3.026 0.567 -3.835 2.472 2000 2 -0.278 0.017 0 0 -0.210 0.084 0.371 3.380 2000 3 4.944 3.386 0 0 4.962 3.404 1.387 2.542 2000 4 9.167 2.418 0 0 9.171 2.422 5.943 1.908 2000 5 13.889 1.568 0 0 13.871 1.550 10.380 0.772 2000 6 18.111 1.297 0 0 18.057 1.244 13.803 -0.297 2000 7 23.889 2.892 0 0 23.836 2.838 20.188 1.905 2000 8 22.389 2.249 0 0 22.380 2.240 19.182 1.755 2000 9 15.278 0.419 0 0 15.313 0.454 12.198 0.053 2000 10 8.722 -0.921 0 0 8.793 -0.850 7.529 0.600 2000 11 -3.000 -5.548 0 0 -2.877 -5.425 -4.592 -4.425 2000 12 -6.444 -5.450 0 0 -6.280 -5.286 -5.435 -1.727 2001 1 -1.278 2.315 0 0 -1.137 2.455 -2.995 3.312 2001 2 -6.056 -5.761 0 0 -5.988 -5.693 -4.971 -1.963 2001 3 4.111 2.552 0 0 4.129 2.570 0.840 1.995 2001 4 8.778 2.029 0 0 8.783 2.033 4.729 0.694 2001 5 15.111 2.790 0 0 15.093 2.772 11.668 2.061 2001 6 18.167 1.353 0 0 18.113 1.299 13.797 -0.303 2001 7 23.667 2.669 0 0 23.614 2.616 19.490 1.207 2001 8 23.500 3.360 0 0 23.491 3.351 20.193 2.767 2001 9 17.444 2.586 0 0 17.479 2.620 14.445 2.300 2001 10 8.722 -0.921 0 0 8.793 -0.850 7.314 0.385 2001 11 4.556 2.008 0 0 4.678 2.131 3.163 3.330 2001 12 -2.389 -1.395 0 0 -2.224 -1.230 -3.569 0.139 2002 1 -2.111 1.481 0 0 -1.970 1.622 -4.612 1.694 2002 2 0.778 1.072 0 0 0.846 1.140 -1.286 1.722 2002 3 -3.056 -4.614 0 0 -3.038 -4.596 -5.556 -4.400 2002 4 5.556 -1.194 0 0 5.560 -1.189 2.497 -1.538 2002 5 12.056 -0.265 0 0 12.037 -0.284 8.304 -1.304 2002 6 18.500 1.686 0 0 18.446 1.632 14.106 0.006 2002 7 24.667 3.669 0 0 24.614 3.616 20.587 2.304 2002 8 19.222 -0.918 0 0 19.213 -0.927 15.755 -1.671 2002 9 16.111 1.252 0 0 16.146 1.287 12.570 0.425 2002 10 5.222 -4.421 0 0 5.293 -4.350 4.098 -2.831 2002 11 4.111 1.564 0 0 4.234 1.686 1.348 1.514 2002 12 -1.000 -0.006 0 0 -0.836 0.159 -1.409 2.299 2003 1 -0.722 2.870 0 0 -0.582 3.011 -1.561 4.745 2003 2 -3.444 -3.150 0 0 -3.377 -3.082 -3.856 -0.847 2003 3 1.722 0.164 0 0 1.740 0.181 -0.994 0.162 2003 4 9.944 3.195 0 0 9.949 3.200 5.937 1.902 2003 5 13.222 0.901 0 0 13.204 0.883 9.772 0.165 2003 6 17.778 0.964 0 0 17.724 0.910 13.214 -0.885 2003 7 25.111 4.114 0 0 25.058 4.061 21.307 3.024 2003 8 24.222 4.082 0 0 24.213 4.073 20.485 3.059 2003 9 15.111 0.252 0 0 15.146 0.287 11.897 -0.248 2003 10 11.389 1.745 0 0 11.460 1.816 10.086 3.156 2003 11 -1.000 -3.548 0 0 -0.877 -3.425 -2.945 -2.779 2003 12 -0.944 0.050 0 0 -0.780 0.214 -1.650 2.058 2004 1 -4.833 -1.241 0 0 -4.693 -1.100 -5.117 1.189 2004 2 0.222 0.517 0 0 0.290 0.584 -0.551 2.457 2004 3 6.778 5.219 0 0 6.796 5.237 3.088 4.243 2004 4 9.944 3.195 0 0 9.949 3.200 6.126 2.091 2004 5 12.278 -0.043 0 0 12.260 -0.061 8.715 -0.892 2004 6 16.389 -0.425 0 0 16.335 -0.479 12.230 -1.870 2004 7 22.167 1.169 0 0 22.114 1.116 18.422 0.138 2004 8 20.389 0.249 0 0 20.380 0.240 16.210 -1.216 2004 9 15.222 0.363 0 0 15.257 0.398 11.449 -0.696 2004 10 9.167 -0.477 0 0 9.238 -0.406 7.486 0.556 2004 11 3.722 1.175 0 0 3.845 1.297 1.414 1.580 2004 12 0.167 1.161 0 0 0.331 1.325 -0.803 2.905 2005 1 -5.333 -1.741 0 0 -5.193 -1.600 -5.227 1.079 2005 2 1.167 1.461 0 0 1.234 1.529 0.263 3.271 2005 3 4.944 3.386 0 0 4.962 3.404 0.623 1.778 2005 4 7.944 1.195 0 0 7.949 1.200 4.604 0.569 2005 5 11.889 -0.432 0 0 11.871 -0.450 8.672 -0.936 2005 6 17.500 0.686 0 0 17.446 0.632 12.951 -1.148 2005 7 23.056 2.058 0 0 23.002 2.005 19.663 1.379 2005 8 20.667 0.527 0 0 20.657 0.517 16.950 -0.476 2005 9 15.944 1.086 0 0 15.979 1.120 12.507 0.362 2005 10 9.667 0.023 0 0 9.738 0.094 8.901 1.971 2005 11 3.889 1.341 0 0 4.012 1.464 1.251 1.417 2005 12 -3.444 -2.450 0 0 -3.280 -2.286 -3.830 -0.122 2006 1 2.889 6.481 0 0 3.030 6.622 -0.439 5.868 2006 2 -1.111 -0.817 0 0 -1.043 -0.749 -2.801 0.207 2006 3 1.833 0.275 0 0 1.851 0.293 -1.135 0.020 2006 4 10.389 3.640 0 0 10.394 3.645 6.407 2.372 2006 5 14.611 2.290 0 0 14.593 2.272 11.171 1.564 2006 6 20.056 3.242 0 0 20.002 3.188 15.438 1.338 2006 7 25.056 4.058 0 0 25.002 4.005 21.436 3.152 2006 8 21.333 1.193 0 0 21.324 1.184 17.856 0.430 2006 9 15.111 0.252 0 0 15.146 0.287 12.042 -0.102 2006 10 7.333 -2.310 0 0 7.404 -2.239 6.034 -0.895 2006 11 2.111 -0.436 0 0 2.234 -0.314 0.027 0.193 2006 12 -0.889 0.105 0 0 -0.724 0.270 -1.411 2.297 2007 1 -3.667 -0.074 0 0 -3.526 0.067 -5.476 0.831 2007 2 -2.611 -2.317 0 0 -2.543 -2.249 -2.428 0.581 2007 3 7.389 5.830 0 0 7.407 5.848 3.754 4.909 2007 4 7.722 0.973 0 0 7.727 0.978 4.273 0.238 2007 5 14.333 2.012 0 0 14.315 1.994 10.792 1.185 2007 6 19.278 2.464 0 0 19.224 2.410 14.998 0.898 2007 7 26.056 5.058 0 0 26.002 5.005 22.481 4.197 2007 8 22.056 1.916 0 0 22.046 1.906 18.383 0.957 2007 9 16.167 1.308 0 0 16.201 1.343 12.548 0.403 2007 10 9.833 0.190 0 0 9.904 0.261 8.071 1.141 2007 11 2.611 0.064 0 0 2.734 0.186 0.636 0.803 2007 12 -2.611 -1.617 0 0 -2.447 -1.453 -4.433 -0.725 2008 1 -4.167 -0.574 0 0 -4.026 -0.433 -6.411 -0.104 2008 2 0.167 0.461 0 0 0.234 0.529 -0.821 2.188 2008 3 3.167 1.608 0 0 3.184 1.626 -1.472 -0.317 2008 4 6.444 -0.305 0 0 6.449 -0.300 2.448 -1.587 2008 5 13.056 0.735 0 0 13.037 0.716 9.103 -0.504 2008 6 17.333 0.520 0 0 17.279 0.466 12.736 -1.364 2008 7 22.833 1.836 0 0 22.780 1.783 18.958 0.674 2008 8 21.944 1.805 0 0 21.935 1.795 18.422 0.996 2008 9 14.167 -0.692 0 0 14.201 -0.657 11.282 -0.863 2008 10 8.722 -0.921 0 0 8.793 -0.850 7.905 0.976 2008 11 5.278 2.730 0 0 5.401 2.853 3.311 3.478 2008 12 -7.611 -6.617 0 0 -7.447 -6.453 -7.331 -3.623 2009 1 -1.056 2.537 0 0 -0.915 2.678 -3.368 2.939 2009 2 0.889 1.183 0 0 0.957 1.251 -0.125 2.883 2009 3 1.167 -0.392 0 0 1.184 -0.374 -1.915 -0.759 2009 4 7.278 0.529 0 0 7.283 0.533 3.604 -0.432 2009 5 13.667 1.346 0 0 13.648 1.327 10.379 0.772 2009 6 16.444 -0.369 0 0 16.391 -0.423 12.214 -1.886 2009 7 21.222 0.225 0 0 21.169 0.172 17.560 -0.724 2009 8 20.722 0.582 0 0 20.713 0.573 16.982 -0.444 2009 9 18.333 3.475 0 0 18.368 3.509 15.183 3.038 2009 10 5.444 -4.199 0 0 5.515 -4.128 3.017 -3.912 2009 11 4.556 2.008 0 0 4.678 2.131 2.082 2.248 2009 12 -7.199 -6.205 1 0 NaN NaN -8.061 -4.353 2010 1 -4.833 -1.241 0 0 -4.693 -1.100 -3.808 2.498 2010 2 -3.611 -3.317 0 0 -3.543 -3.249 -2.304 0.704 2010 3 6.278 4.719 0 0 6.296 4.737 2.479 3.635 2010 4 8.333 1.584 0 0 8.338 1.589 4.124 0.089 2010 5 11.167 -1.154 0 0 11.148 -1.173 7.282 -2.325 2010 6 17.778 0.964 0 0 17.724 0.910 13.014 -1.086 2010 7 21.556 0.558 0 0 21.502 0.505 17.860 -0.424 2010 8 21.056 0.916 0 0 21.046 0.906 17.082 -0.344 2010 9 15.167 0.308 0 0 15.201 0.343 12.286 0.141 2010 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.417 3.487 2010 11 -1.056 -3.603 0 0 -0.933 -3.480 -2.381 -2.215 2010 12 -5.222 -4.228 0 0 -5.058 -4.064 -3.665 0.043 2011 1 -3.444 0.148 0 0 -3.304 0.289 -4.496 1.811 2011 2 -5.850 -5.556 1 0 NaN NaN -5.547 -2.539 2011 3 2.722 1.164 0 0 2.740 1.181 -0.498 0.657 2011 4 6.611 -0.138 0 0 6.616 -0.133 2.284 -1.751 2011 5 10.778 -1.543 0 0 10.760 -1.561 7.346 -2.261 2011 6 17.056 0.242 0 0 17.002 0.188 12.510 -1.590 2011 7 23.556 2.558 0 0 23.502 2.505 19.384 1.101 2011 8 22.722 2.582 0 0 22.713 2.573 19.137 1.711 2011 9 17.111 2.252 0 0 17.146 2.287 14.289 2.144 2011 10 10.833 1.190 0 4 10.411 0.767 8.906 1.976 2011 11 1.500 -1.048 0 0 0.768 -1.779 -0.616 -0.449 2011 12 -0.684 0.310 0 0 -1.664 -0.670 -2.060 1.648 2012 1 -1.211 2.381 0 0 -2.050 1.543 -2.737 3.569 2012 2 -0.981 -0.687 0 0 -1.385 -1.091 -2.188 0.821 2012 3 8.460 6.901 0 0 8.353 6.795 3.887 5.043 2012 4 10.337 3.588 0 0 10.308 3.559 6.572 2.536 2012 5 12.927 0.606 0 0 13.036 0.715 9.187 -0.420 2012 6 20.577 3.763 0 0 20.898 4.084 15.070 0.970 2012 7 25.421 4.424 0 0 25.738 4.740 21.332 3.048 2012 8 22.655 2.515 0 0 22.710 2.570 19.058 1.632 2012 9 17.423 2.565 0 0 17.216 2.357 14.379 2.234 2012 10 8.229 -1.415 0 0 7.806 -1.837 6.592 -0.338 2012 11 3.978 1.431 0 0 3.247 0.699 2.050 2.216 2012 12 -2.935 -1.941 0 0 -3.915 -2.921 -3.704 0.004 2013 1 -2.889 0.704 0 0 -3.727 -0.134 -3.730 2.577 2013 2 0.746 1.041 0 0 0.342 0.637 -0.962 2.046 2013 3 3.452 1.893 0 0 3.345 1.787 -0.205 0.950 2013 4 5.918 -0.831 0 0 5.890 -0.859 2.040 -1.995 2013 5 14.400 2.079 0 0 14.508 2.187 10.466 0.859 2013 6 18.918 2.105 0 0 19.240 2.426 14.206 0.106 2013 7 23.605 2.608 0 0 23.922 2.924 19.813 1.529 2013 8 23.487 3.347 0 0 23.542 3.402 19.618 2.192 2013 9 17.978 3.120 0 0 17.771 2.912 13.876 1.731 2013 10 7.024 -2.619 0 0 6.602 -3.042 5.678 -1.252 2013 11 3.480 0.932 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN