% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 39828 % Primary Name: RAPID CITY WFO % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: SD % Latitude: 44.07280 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -103.21080 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 1029.90 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 214 % % IDs: coop - 396948 % ghcnd - USC00396948 % ncdc - 30000086 % nws - UNRS2 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % US Cooperative Summary of the Month % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: f3595015311efd2a4457df91ca403cb6 % Raw Data Hash: 4cadd78f60b408ac529e3d223590b74b % Adj Data Hash: 92743a734e71c2ac80fa251f7ced2005 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1995 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -3.515 3.147 1995 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.594 4.140 1995 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.151 -0.356 1995 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.432 -2.495 1995 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.879 -2.287 1995 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.171 -1.373 1995 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.815 -0.825 1995 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.533 1.717 1995 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.463 -0.451 1995 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.337 -0.172 1995 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.207 -0.190 1995 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -3.228 0.457 1996 1 -8.778 -2.316 0 0 -8.711 -2.249 -9.830 -3.167 1996 2 -1.611 1.734 0 0 -1.556 1.789 -1.786 1.760 1996 3 -3.444 -3.851 0 0 -3.349 -3.755 -3.606 -3.812 1996 4 6.611 -0.517 0 0 6.685 -0.443 6.816 -0.112 1996 5 10.000 -3.367 0 0 10.064 -3.303 10.840 -2.327 1996 6 18.778 0.033 0 0 18.950 0.205 19.250 0.706 1996 7 21.611 -1.230 0 0 21.878 -0.964 21.980 -0.660 1996 8 22.000 -0.017 0 0 22.179 0.162 22.725 0.909 1996 9 14.833 -1.282 0 0 14.872 -1.244 14.896 -1.018 1996 10 7.944 -1.765 0 0 8.003 -1.706 9.656 0.148 1996 11 -4.056 -5.653 0 0 -3.889 -5.486 -3.740 -5.136 1996 12 -6.833 -3.349 0 0 -6.674 -3.190 -8.001 -4.316 1997 1 -6.444 0.017 0 0 -6.377 0.084 -8.527 -1.865 1997 2 -1.278 2.067 0 0 -1.222 2.122 -0.876 2.670 1997 3 3.111 2.705 0 0 3.207 2.800 1.923 1.718 1997 4 3.833 -3.295 0 0 3.907 -3.221 4.127 -2.800 1997 5 11.778 -1.589 0 0 11.842 -1.525 11.933 -1.233 1997 6 18.944 0.199 0 0 19.117 0.372 19.330 0.786 1997 7 21.444 -1.397 0 0 21.711 -1.130 21.970 -0.670 1997 8 20.667 -1.351 0 0 20.846 -1.171 21.034 -0.783 1997 9 17.889 1.774 0 0 17.927 1.812 17.272 1.358 1997 10 10.222 0.513 0 0 10.281 0.571 11.029 1.521 1997 11 2.111 0.514 0 0 2.278 0.681 1.040 -0.357 1997 12 0.000 3.484 0 0 0.159 3.643 -0.509 3.176 1998 1 -3.778 2.684 0 0 -3.711 2.751 -4.647 2.015 1998 2 1.944 5.289 0 0 2.000 5.345 2.618 6.164 1998 3 -2.111 -2.518 0 0 -2.015 -2.422 -2.647 -2.853 1998 4 8.667 1.539 0 0 8.740 1.612 8.309 1.382 1998 5 13.944 0.577 0 0 14.008 0.641 14.453 1.287 1998 6 15.111 -3.634 0 0 15.284 -3.461 15.270 -3.274 1998 7 22.944 0.103 0 0 23.211 0.370 23.539 0.899 1998 8 22.556 0.538 0 0 22.735 0.718 22.808 0.992 1998 9 19.889 3.774 0 0 19.927 3.812 19.672 3.757 1998 10 9.222 -0.487 0 0 9.281 -0.429 9.952 0.444 1998 11 4.056 2.458 0 0 4.222 2.625 3.509 2.113 1998 12 -1.556 1.929 0 0 -1.397 2.087 -1.944 1.741 1999 1 -2.833 3.628 0 0 -2.766 3.695 -4.512 2.150 1999 2 3.500 6.845 0 0 3.556 6.900 3.598 7.144 1999 3 2.889 2.482 0 0 2.985 2.578 3.017 2.812 1999 4 6.167 -0.961 0 0 6.240 -0.888 6.573 -0.354 1999 5 12.167 -1.201 0 0 12.231 -1.137 12.576 -0.590 1999 6 17.333 -1.412 0 0 17.506 -1.239 17.666 -0.878 1999 7 21.889 -0.952 0 0 22.155 -0.686 22.726 0.086 1999 8 22.000 -0.017 0 0 22.179 0.162 22.218 0.402 1999 9 13.944 -2.171 0 0 13.983 -2.132 13.624 -2.290 1999 10 10.833 1.124 0 0 10.892 1.183 10.801 1.293 1999 11 7.778 6.181 0 0 7.945 6.348 6.938 5.542 1999 12 2.111 5.595 0 0 2.270 5.754 1.065 4.750 2000 1 -2.000 4.462 0 0 -1.933 4.529 -3.673 2.990 2000 2 1.778 5.122 0 0 1.833 5.178 1.194 4.740 2000 3 4.778 4.371 0 0 4.873 4.467 3.659 3.454 2000 4 6.667 -0.461 0 0 6.740 -0.388 7.101 0.174 2000 5 13.889 0.522 0 0 13.953 0.586 14.071 0.905 2000 6 17.833 -0.912 0 0 18.006 -0.739 17.492 -1.053 2000 7 23.111 0.270 0 0 23.378 0.536 23.411 0.771 2000 8 23.667 1.649 0 0 23.846 1.829 23.947 2.131 2000 9 17.833 1.718 0 0 17.872 1.756 17.055 1.141 2000 10 10.278 0.569 0 0 10.336 0.627 11.144 1.636 2000 11 -1.889 -3.486 0 0 -1.722 -3.319 -3.044 -4.440 2000 12 -7.556 -4.071 0 0 -7.397 -3.913 -7.811 -4.126 2001 1 0.300 6.762 0 0 0.367 6.829 -2.187 4.476 2001 2 -7.889 -4.544 0 0 -7.833 -4.489 -7.312 -3.767 2001 3 1.833 1.427 0 0 1.929 1.523 1.120 0.915 2001 4 8.111 0.983 0 1 8.080 0.952 8.265 1.338 2001 5 14.111 0.744 0 0 14.084 0.717 14.180 1.014 2001 6 18.000 -0.745 0 0 17.927 -0.818 18.421 -0.123 2001 7 23.167 0.326 0 0 23.055 0.214 24.338 1.698 2001 8 23.667 1.649 0 0 23.591 1.574 24.052 2.236 2001 9 16.889 0.774 0 0 16.873 0.757 17.222 1.308 2001 10 9.444 -0.265 0 0 9.420 -0.289 9.972 0.463 2001 11 6.278 4.681 0 0 6.208 4.611 4.679 3.283 2001 12 -0.556 2.929 0 0 -0.622 2.862 -1.713 1.972 2002 1 -0.889 5.573 0 0 -0.917 5.545 -3.034 3.629 2002 2 0.667 4.011 0 0 0.643 3.988 0.181 3.727 2002 3 -5.000 -5.406 0 0 -5.040 -5.447 -5.189 -5.394 2002 4 6.389 -0.739 0 0 6.358 -0.770 6.891 -0.037 2002 5 10.833 -2.534 0 0 10.806 -2.561 11.401 -1.765 2002 6 21.056 2.310 0 0 20.983 2.238 20.804 2.260 2002 7 25.111 2.270 0 0 24.999 2.158 25.919 3.279 2002 8 21.222 -0.795 0 0 21.147 -0.870 21.919 0.102 2002 9 16.389 0.274 0 0 16.373 0.257 16.663 0.749 2002 10 4.167 -5.542 0 0 4.142 -5.567 5.524 -3.984 2002 11 4.500 2.903 0 0 4.430 2.833 3.249 1.853 2002 12 1.500 4.984 0 0 1.433 4.917 -0.241 3.445 2003 1 -2.056 4.406 0 0 -2.084 4.378 -3.668 2.994 2003 2 -4.833 -1.489 0 0 -4.857 -1.512 -4.338 -0.793 2003 3 1.611 1.205 0 0 1.571 1.164 1.013 0.808 2003 4 8.500 1.372 0 0 8.469 1.341 9.126 2.199 2003 5 12.556 -0.812 0 0 12.529 -0.839 13.040 -0.127 2003 6 16.889 -1.856 0 0 16.816 -1.929 16.723 -1.822 2003 7 25.278 2.437 0 0 25.166 2.325 25.059 2.419 2003 8 24.444 2.427 0 0 24.369 2.352 24.731 2.915 2003 9 15.889 -0.226 0 0 15.873 -0.243 15.212 -0.702 2003 10 12.333 2.624 0 0 12.309 2.600 12.592 3.083 2003 11 -0.111 -1.708 0 0 -0.181 -1.778 -1.768 -3.164 2003 12 0.556 4.040 0 0 0.489 3.973 -0.910 2.775 2004 1 -4.611 1.851 0 0 -4.639 1.822 -5.753 0.909 2004 2 -2.000 1.345 0 0 -2.023 1.321 -1.462 2.083 2004 3 5.000 4.594 0 0 4.960 4.553 4.036 3.830 2004 4 9.222 2.094 0 0 9.191 2.063 9.194 2.267 2004 5 12.833 -0.534 0 0 12.806 -0.561 13.488 0.322 2004 6 16.778 -1.967 0 0 16.705 -2.040 16.403 -2.141 2004 7 22.500 -0.341 0 0 22.388 -0.453 22.460 -0.180 2004 8 20.444 -1.573 0 0 20.369 -1.648 19.702 -2.114 2004 9 16.833 0.718 0 0 16.817 0.702 16.624 0.710 2004 10 10.167 0.458 0 0 10.142 0.433 10.879 1.371 2004 11 4.000 2.403 0 0 3.930 2.333 3.206 1.810 2004 12 -0.167 3.317 0 0 -0.233 3.251 0.134 3.819 2005 1 -5.556 0.906 0 0 -5.584 0.878 -5.767 0.895 2005 2 1.389 4.734 0 0 1.366 4.710 1.156 4.702 2005 3 3.167 2.760 0 0 3.126 2.720 2.526 2.321 2005 4 8.500 1.372 0 0 8.469 1.341 8.703 1.776 2005 5 11.889 -1.478 0 0 11.862 -1.505 11.937 -1.229 2005 6 19.389 0.644 0 0 19.316 0.571 19.085 0.541 2005 7 24.111 1.270 0 0 23.999 1.158 24.232 1.592 2005 8 21.278 -0.739 0 0 21.202 -0.815 21.970 0.153 2005 9 18.444 2.329 0 0 18.428 2.313 18.139 2.224 2005 10 10.111 0.402 0 0 10.087 0.377 10.993 1.485 2005 11 4.889 3.292 0 0 4.819 3.222 4.085 2.689 2005 12 -2.889 0.595 0 0 -2.956 0.528 -3.974 -0.288 2006 1 3.556 10.017 0 0 3.527 9.989 1.714 8.377 2006 2 -2.556 0.789 0 0 -2.579 0.766 -2.570 0.975 2006 3 0.222 -0.184 0 0 0.182 -0.224 0.274 0.069 2006 4 10.056 2.927 0 0 10.025 2.897 9.969 3.042 2006 5 14.278 0.911 0 0 14.251 0.884 14.511 1.345 2006 6 21.056 2.310 0 0 20.983 2.238 20.849 2.305 2006 7 25.667 2.826 0 0 25.555 2.714 26.369 3.729 2006 8 22.056 0.038 0 0 21.980 -0.037 22.778 0.962 2006 9 14.111 -2.004 0 0 14.095 -2.020 13.751 -2.164 2006 10 7.056 -2.654 0 0 7.031 -2.678 8.271 -1.237 2006 11 3.222 1.625 0 0 3.152 1.555 2.252 0.856 2006 12 -0.222 3.262 0 0 -0.289 3.195 -1.325 2.360 2007 1 -2.444 4.017 0 0 -2.473 3.989 -4.275 2.387 2007 2 -5.611 -2.266 0 0 -5.634 -2.290 -5.349 -1.803 2007 3 6.722 6.316 0 0 6.682 6.276 5.948 5.743 2007 4 6.333 -0.795 0 0 6.302 -0.826 6.483 -0.444 2007 5 14.667 1.299 0 0 14.640 1.273 15.256 2.090 2007 6 20.389 1.644 0 0 20.316 1.571 20.047 1.503 2007 7 25.667 2.826 0 0 25.555 2.714 26.161 3.520 2007 8 22.444 0.427 0 0 22.369 0.352 23.110 1.294 2007 9 17.389 1.274 0 0 17.373 1.257 17.059 1.145 2007 10 10.500 0.791 0 0 10.476 0.766 11.278 1.770 2007 11 3.500 1.903 0 0 3.430 1.833 2.959 1.562 2007 12 -3.278 0.206 0 0 -3.345 0.140 -4.669 -0.984 2008 1 -4.833 1.628 0 0 -4.862 1.600 -6.574 0.089 2008 2 -3.056 0.289 0 0 -3.079 0.266 -3.292 0.254 2008 3 1.778 1.371 0 0 1.738 1.331 1.110 0.905 2008 4 5.833 -1.295 0 0 5.802 -1.326 6.038 -0.889 2008 5 10.722 -2.645 0 0 10.695 -2.672 11.322 -1.844 2008 6 16.556 -2.190 0 0 16.483 -2.262 16.938 -1.606 2008 7 22.889 0.048 0 0 22.777 -0.064 22.825 0.185 2008 8 22.222 0.205 0 0 22.147 0.130 22.218 0.402 2008 9 16.056 -0.060 0 0 16.039 -0.076 15.197 -0.718 2008 10 9.333 -0.376 0 0 9.309 -0.400 9.609 0.101 2008 11 3.611 2.014 0 0 3.541 1.944 2.954 1.558 2008 12 -7.000 -3.516 0 0 -7.067 -3.583 -7.008 -3.323 2009 1 -2.500 3.962 0 0 -2.528 3.933 -4.657 2.005 2009 2 -1.667 1.678 0 0 -1.690 1.655 -1.015 2.531 2009 3 1.000 0.594 0 0 0.960 0.553 -0.188 -0.393 2009 4 5.056 -2.073 0 0 5.025 -2.103 5.264 -1.663 2009 5 13.222 -0.145 0 0 13.195 -0.172 13.225 0.059 2009 6 15.889 -2.856 0 0 15.816 -2.929 16.358 -2.186 2009 7 20.389 -2.452 0 0 20.277 -2.564 20.590 -2.050 2009 8 20.333 -1.684 0 0 20.258 -1.759 20.162 -1.654 2009 9 17.500 1.385 0 0 17.484 1.369 17.364 1.450 2009 10 3.722 -5.987 0 0 3.698 -6.011 5.054 -4.455 2009 11 6.111 4.514 0 0 6.041 4.444 5.306 3.910 2009 12 -7.611 -4.127 0 0 -7.678 -4.194 -8.230 -4.545 2010 1 -4.278 2.184 0 0 -4.306 2.156 -6.203 0.459 2010 2 -5.944 -2.600 0 0 -5.968 -2.623 -6.240 -2.694 2010 3 4.056 3.649 0 0 4.015 3.609 2.762 2.556 2010 4 8.056 0.927 0 0 8.025 0.897 8.359 1.432 2010 5 10.833 -2.534 0 0 10.806 -2.561 11.437 -1.729 2010 6 17.722 -1.023 0 0 17.650 -1.095 17.706 -0.838 2010 7 21.778 -1.063 0 0 21.666 -1.175 22.341 -0.299 2010 8 22.889 0.872 0 0 22.814 0.796 23.151 1.335 2010 9 16.111 -0.004 0 0 16.095 -0.020 15.612 -0.303 2010 10 12.556 2.846 0 0 12.531 2.822 12.858 3.350 2010 11 0.722 -0.875 0 0 0.652 -0.945 0.499 -0.898 2010 12 -3.778 -0.294 0 0 -3.845 -0.360 -4.269 -0.584 2011 1 -5.667 0.795 0 0 -5.695 0.767 -7.035 -0.373 2011 2 -5.611 -2.266 0 0 -5.634 -2.290 -6.002 -2.456 2011 3 -0.222 -0.629 0 0 -0.262 -0.669 -0.794 -1.000 2011 4 6.278 -0.850 0 0 6.247 -0.881 6.574 -0.353 2011 5 10.389 -2.978 0 0 10.362 -3.005 10.932 -2.234 2011 6 17.611 -1.134 0 0 17.539 -1.207 17.577 -0.967 2011 7 24.111 1.270 0 0 23.999 1.158 24.367 1.727 2011 8 23.111 1.094 0 0 23.036 1.019 22.776 0.960 2011 9 17.000 0.885 0 0 16.984 0.869 16.082 0.167 2011 10 11.222 1.513 0 0 11.198 1.489 11.774 2.265 2011 11 2.500 0.903 0 0 2.430 0.833 1.793 0.397 2011 12 -0.647 2.837 0 0 -0.714 2.771 -1.358 2.328 2012 1 -0.266 6.195 0 0 -0.294 6.167 -2.022 4.641 2012 2 -2.224 1.121 0 0 -2.247 1.097 -1.764 1.781 2012 3 9.742 9.335 0 0 9.702 9.295 8.321 8.116 2012 4 10.825 3.697 0 0 10.794 3.666 10.572 3.645 2012 5 13.815 0.447 0 0 13.788 0.420 14.063 0.897 2012 6 21.833 3.088 0 0 21.761 3.016 21.476 2.932 2012 7 26.211 3.370 0 0 26.099 3.258 26.224 3.584 2012 8 23.289 1.272 0 0 23.213 1.196 22.519 0.702 2012 9 19.010 2.895 0 0 18.994 2.879 17.705 1.790 2012 10 8.373 -1.337 0 0 8.348 -1.361 9.095 -0.413 2012 11 3.608 2.011 0 0 3.538 1.941 3.454 2.058 2012 12 -2.266 1.218 0 0 -2.333 1.151 -3.399 0.286 2013 1 -2.603 3.858 0 0 -2.631 3.830 -4.568 2.095 2013 2 -0.300 3.045 0 0 -0.323 3.021 -0.624 2.922 2013 3 1.290 0.884 0 0 1.250 0.844 0.446 0.240 2013 4 3.208 -3.920 0 0 3.177 -3.951 3.278 -3.649 2013 5 14.037 0.670 0 0 14.010 0.643 13.498 0.332 2013 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.249 -0.295 2013 7 23.074 0.233 0 0 22.962 0.121 22.976 0.335 2013 8 23.332 1.315 0 0 23.257 1.240 22.609 0.792 2013 9 18.952 2.836 0 0 18.936 2.820 18.585 2.671 2013 10 7.014 -2.695 0 0 6.989 -2.720 7.446 -2.063 2013 11 3.204 1.607 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN