% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 38431 % Primary Name: ROWE % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: MA % Latitude: 42.70000 +/- 0.00833 % Longitude: -72.90000 +/- 0.00833 % Elevation (m): 487.68 +/- 0.15 % # of Months: 53 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 196988 % % IDs: coop - 196988 % ghcnd - USC00196988 % ncdc - 12002462 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 03457c7ce29537c853b0ea6eda794122 % Raw Data Hash: 87b05468e682e3668f9a34a101acc742 % Adj Data Hash: 5f3f1a5baf3181c3dc2c72272434e6a0 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1883 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.738 0.069 1883 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.346 -2.007 1884 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -8.257 -2.513 1884 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -3.187 1.480 1884 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.099 -1.682 1884 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.692 -1.314 1884 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.843 -1.391 1884 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.324 0.030 1884 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.834 -2.154 1884 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.144 -0.685 1884 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.410 0.979 1884 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.755 -0.642 1884 11 2.940 -0.457 1 0 NaN NaN 2.764 -0.905 1884 12 -3.465 0.146 1 0 NaN NaN -3.666 -0.327 1885 1 -7.644 -1.627 0 0 -7.644 -1.627 -6.351 -0.606 1885 2 -11.200 -6.260 1 0 NaN NaN -10.298 -5.631 1885 3 -6.911 -7.222 0 0 -6.911 -7.222 -5.276 -5.859 1885 4 6.119 -0.615 0 0 6.119 -0.615 6.731 -0.275 1885 5 12.665 -0.297 0 0 12.665 -0.297 11.734 -1.499 1885 6 17.997 -0.026 0 0 17.997 -0.026 17.992 -0.303 1885 7 21.210 0.495 0 0 21.210 0.495 21.071 0.083 1885 8 17.985 -1.571 0 0 17.985 -1.571 18.309 -1.520 1885 9 14.247 -0.913 0 0 14.247 -0.913 13.398 -2.034 1885 10 8.327 -0.798 0 0 8.327 -0.798 8.454 -0.944 1885 11 2.652 -0.745 0 0 2.652 -0.745 3.921 0.252 1885 12 -3.480 0.131 0 0 -3.480 0.131 -3.553 -0.214 1886 1 -6.935 -0.919 0 0 -6.935 -0.919 -6.644 -0.899 1886 2 -7.017 -2.078 0 0 -7.017 -2.078 -6.373 -1.706 1886 3 -1.869 -2.180 0 0 -1.869 -2.180 -1.035 -1.618 1886 4 9.137 2.403 0 0 9.137 2.403 8.599 1.593 1886 5 13.566 0.605 0 0 13.566 0.605 12.725 -0.508 1886 6 16.967 -1.056 0 0 16.967 -1.056 16.431 -1.864 1886 7 20.580 -0.135 0 0 20.580 -0.135 20.188 -0.799 1886 8 19.376 -0.181 0 0 19.376 -0.181 18.696 -1.133 1886 9 15.137 -0.023 0 0 15.137 -0.023 14.946 -0.485 1886 10 9.285 0.160 0 0 9.285 0.160 8.804 -0.594 1886 11 2.422 -0.975 0 0 2.422 -0.975 3.665 -0.004 1886 12 -6.024 -2.413 0 0 -6.024 -2.413 -6.371 -3.032 1887 1 -7.285 -1.269 0 0 -7.285 -1.269 -7.848 -2.103 1887 2 -5.625 -0.686 0 0 -5.625 -0.686 -5.191 -0.524 1887 3 -4.605 -4.916 0 0 -4.605 -4.916 -2.906 -3.489 1887 4 3.658 -3.075 0 0 3.658 -3.075 4.677 -2.329 1887 5 17.145 4.184 0 0 17.145 4.184 15.091 1.858 1887 6 18.533 0.510 0 0 18.533 0.510 17.661 -0.634 1887 7 22.624 1.909 0 0 22.624 1.909 22.781 1.794 1887 8 17.174 -2.383 0 0 17.174 -2.383 17.970 -1.859 1887 9 12.813 -2.346 0 0 12.813 -2.346 12.907 -2.524 1887 10 7.065 -2.061 0 0 7.065 -2.061 7.870 -1.528 1887 11 1.448 -1.948 0 0 1.448 -1.948 2.739 -0.929 1887 12 -4.332 -0.721 0 0 -4.332 -0.721 -4.037 -0.698 1888 1 -11.919 -5.903 0 0 -11.919 -5.903 -10.786 -5.042 1888 2 -7.236 -2.297 0 0 -7.236 -2.297 -6.124 -1.457 1888 3 -4.781 -5.091 0 0 -4.781 -5.091 -3.044 -3.627 1888 4 3.092 -3.642 0 0 3.092 -3.642 3.926 -3.080 1888 5 12.111 -0.850 0 0 12.111 -0.850 11.354 -1.879 1888 6 18.695 0.672 0 0 18.695 0.672 18.038 -0.257 1888 7 19.635 -1.080 0 0 19.635 -1.080 18.797 -2.190 1888 8 18.947 -0.610 0 0 18.947 -0.610 19.075 -0.754 1888 9 13.137 -2.023 0 0 13.137 -2.023 13.310 -2.122 1888 10 4.023 -5.102 0 0 4.023 -5.102 5.547 -3.851 1888 11 1.781 -1.615 0 0 1.781 -1.615 3.696 0.027 1888 12 -3.269 0.342 0 0 -3.269 0.342 -2.942 0.397 1889 1 -3.124 2.893 0 0 -3.124 2.893 -2.272 3.472 1889 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -7.276 -2.609 1889 3 0.297 -0.014 0 0 0.297 -0.014 1.103 0.520 1889 4 7.771 1.037 0 0 7.771 1.037 7.716 0.710 1889 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.543 1.310 1889 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.682 0.387 1889 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.688 -1.299 1889 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.871 -1.958 1889 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.345 -0.087 1889 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.737 -2.660 1889 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.559 0.890 1889 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.033 2.306 1890 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.903 2.842 1890 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.397 2.270 1890 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.478 -2.061 1890 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.251 -0.755