% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 38311 % Primary Name: GROTON % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: MA % Latitude: 42.60000 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -71.58330 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 103.90 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 190 % % IDs: coop - 193270 % ghcnd - USC00193270 % ncdc - 20009368 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % US Cooperative Summary of the Month % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: d54edfa9465e77fc3a0ce2401b5a7b93 % Raw Data Hash: 35ce0ca54d0262e3d2808f075b3ce252 % Adj Data Hash: d4511f1b610a7dc0c86609e154c92f55 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1892 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.608 0.137 1892 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -4.690 -0.023 1892 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.887 -2.470 1892 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.668 -0.338 1892 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.756 -1.477 1892 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.636 1.341 1892 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.731 -0.256 1892 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.502 -0.327 1892 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.400 -1.032 1892 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.379 -1.018 1892 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2.808 -0.861 1892 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.351 -2.012 1893 1 -8.871 -3.552 0 0 -8.975 -3.656 -10.011 -4.266 1893 2 -5.556 -1.314 0 0 -5.644 -1.403 -6.301 -1.634 1893 3 -1.147 -2.156 0 0 -1.238 -2.246 -1.588 -2.171 1893 4 4.981 -2.450 0 0 4.876 -2.556 4.902 -2.104 1893 5 13.082 -0.577 0 0 12.994 -0.665 12.433 -0.800 1893 6 18.426 -0.295 0 0 18.380 -0.341 18.205 -0.090 1893 7 20.627 -0.786 0 0 20.594 -0.819 19.858 -1.129 1893 8 19.713 -0.542 0 0 19.663 -0.591 19.427 -0.401 1893 9 13.333 -2.524 0 0 13.283 -2.575 12.676 -2.756 1893 10 10.735 0.911 0 0 10.697 0.874 10.091 0.693 1893 11 2.593 -1.502 0 0 2.538 -1.556 2.884 -0.785 1893 12 -4.158 -1.245 0 0 -4.251 -1.338 -5.172 -1.833 1894 1 -3.566 1.752 0 0 -3.670 1.648 -4.561 1.183 1894 2 -5.813 -1.572 0 0 -5.902 -1.661 -6.819 -2.152 1894 3 3.799 2.791 0 0 3.709 2.700 3.336 2.753 1894 4 7.444 0.013 0 0 7.339 -0.093 7.065 0.059 1894 5 13.154 -0.505 0 0 13.066 -0.593 13.058 -0.175 1894 6 19.130 0.409 0 0 19.083 0.362 18.770 0.475 1894 7 21.918 0.504 0 0 21.885 0.471 21.586 0.598 1894 8 19.032 -1.222 0 0 18.983 -1.272 18.331 -1.498 1894 9 16.852 0.994 0 0 16.801 0.944 16.350 0.918 1894 10 10.287 0.463 0 0 10.249 0.426 9.441 0.044 1894 11 0.500 -3.595 0 0 0.446 -3.649 0.934 -2.735 1894 12 -3.167 -0.254 0 0 -3.260 -0.347 -4.306 -0.967 1895 1 -5.520 -0.201 0 0 -5.624 -0.305 -6.375 -0.630 1895 2 -6.925 -2.683 0 0 -7.013 -2.772 -8.280 -3.613 1895 3 -0.663 -1.672 0 0 -0.754 -1.762 -1.321 -1.904 1895 4 6.778 -0.654 0 0 6.672 -0.760 6.433 -0.573 1895 5 14.731 1.072 0 0 14.643 0.984 14.301 1.068 1895 6 19.022 0.301 0 0 18.976 0.255 19.251 0.956 1895 7 19.194 -2.220 0 0 19.161 -2.253 18.958 -2.029 1895 8 19.574 -0.681 0 0 19.525 -0.730 19.355 -0.474 1895 9 16.778 0.920 0 0 16.727 0.870 16.159 0.727 1895 10 7.061 -2.763 0 0 7.023 -2.800 6.306 -3.091 1895 11 4.741 0.646 0 0 4.687 0.592 4.671 1.002 1895 12 -0.771 2.142 0 0 -0.864 2.049 -2.308 1.031 1896 1 -6.523 -1.204 0 0 -6.627 -1.309 -7.277 -1.532 1896 2 -4.215 0.027 0 0 -4.303 -0.062 -5.186 -0.518 1896 3 -1.703 -2.711 0 0 -1.793 -2.802 -2.575 -3.158 1896 4 8.037 0.605 0 0 7.931 0.500 7.809 0.804 1896 5 14.839 1.180 0 0 14.750 1.091 14.842 1.608 1896 6 17.222 -1.499 0 0 17.176 -1.545 17.077 -1.218 1896 7 21.344 -0.069 0 0 21.311 -0.102 21.062 0.075 1896 8 20.681 0.426 0 0 20.631 0.377 19.819 -0.010 1896 9 14.981 -0.876 0 0 14.931 -0.927 14.424 -1.008 1896 10 7.706 -2.117 0 0 7.668 -2.155 7.297 -2.100 1896 11 5.111 1.016 0 0 5.057 0.962 5.613 1.945 1896 12 -3.630 -0.717 0 0 -3.723 -0.810 -5.367 -2.028 1897 1 -4.247 1.071 0 0 -4.351 0.967 -5.268 0.477 1897 2 -3.274 0.967 0 0 -3.362 0.879 -4.511 0.156 1897 3 0.305 -0.704 0 0 0.214 -0.795 0.130 -0.453 1897 4 8.130 0.698 0 0 8.024 0.592 7.613 0.607 1897 5 13.418 -0.241 0 0 13.329 -0.330 13.108 -0.125 1897 6 15.963 -2.758 0 0 15.917 -2.804 15.677 -2.618 1897 7 21.667 0.254 0 0 21.634 0.221 21.349 0.361 1897 8 18.811 -1.443 0 0 18.762 -1.493 18.654 -1.174 1897 9 15.667 -0.191 0 0 15.616 -0.242 14.723 -0.709 1897 10 9.713 -0.110 0 0 9.676 -0.148 9.400 0.003 1897 11 2.395 -1.700 0 0 2.341 -1.754 2.740 -0.929 1897 12 -1.649 1.264 0 0 -1.742 1.171 -3.181 0.158 1898 1 -5.108 0.211 0 0 -5.212 0.107 -5.954 -0.209 1898 2 -3.004 1.237 0 0 -3.093 1.149 -3.730 0.938 1898 3 4.130 3.121 0 0 4.039 3.030 3.536 2.953 1898 4 5.093 -2.339 0 0 4.987 -2.445 5.077 -1.929 1898 5 12.760 -0.899 0 0 12.671 -0.988 12.355 -0.878 1898 6 18.167 -0.554 0 0 18.120 -0.601 18.117 -0.178 1898 7 21.075 -0.338 0 0 21.042 -0.371 21.206 0.219 1898 8 21.093 0.838 0 0 21.044 0.789 20.635 0.806 1898 9 16.926 1.068 0 0 16.875 1.018 16.604 1.172 1898 10 10.130 0.306 0 0 10.092 0.268 9.869 0.472 1898 11 3.037 -1.058 0 0 2.983 -1.112 3.070 -0.599 1898 12 -3.315 -0.402 0 0 -3.408 -0.495 -4.677 -1.338 1899 1 -5.090 0.229 0 0 -5.194 0.125 -5.751 -0.007 1899 2 -5.536 -1.295 0 0 -5.624 -1.383 -6.593 -1.926 1899 3 -1.272 -2.281 0 0 -1.363 -2.372 -1.578 -2.161 1899 4 7.540 0.108 0 0 7.434 0.002 6.851 -0.155 1899 5 13.710 0.051 0 0 13.621 -0.038 13.168 -0.065 1899 6 19.074 0.353 0 0 19.028 0.307 19.131 0.836 1899 7 20.870 -0.543 0 0 20.837 -0.576 20.736 -0.251 1899 8 19.140 -1.115 0 0 19.090 -1.164 19.299 -0.530 1899 9 14.926 -0.932 0 0 14.875 -0.982 14.284 -1.148 1899 10 10.341 0.517 0 0 10.303 0.479 9.965 0.567 1899 11 2.537 -1.558 0 0 2.483 -1.612 2.900 -0.769 1899 12 -0.824 2.089 0 0 -0.917 1.996 -2.215 1.124 1900 1 -4.283 1.036 0 0 -4.387 0.931 -4.985 0.759 1900 2 -4.547 -0.306 0 0 -4.636 -0.395 -5.345 -0.678 1900 3 -1.918 -2.926 0 0 -2.008 -3.017 -2.294 -2.877 1900 4 7.318 -0.114 0 0 7.212 -0.220 6.758 -0.248 1900 5 11.685 -1.975 0 0 11.596 -2.063 11.720 -1.513 1900 6 19.074 0.353 0 0 19.028 0.307 18.666 0.371 1900 7 21.882 0.469 0 0 21.849 0.436 21.451 0.464 1900 8 20.663 0.408 0 0 20.614 0.359 20.395 0.566 1900 9 17.122 1.264 0 0 17.071 1.213 16.656 1.224 1900 10 12.133 2.309 0 0 12.095 2.271 11.645 2.248 1900 11 4.352 0.257 0 0 4.298 0.203 4.591 0.922 1900 12 -2.366 0.547 0 0 -2.459 0.454 -4.110 -0.771 1901 1 -5.310 0.008 0 0 -5.415 -0.096 -6.000 -0.255 1901 2 -6.607 -2.366 0 0 -6.696 -2.455 -8.325 -3.658 1901 3 0.412 -0.597 0 0 0.322 -0.687 -0.289 -0.872 1901 4 6.481 -0.950 0 0 6.376 -1.056 6.660 -0.346 1901 5 12.074 -1.585 0 0 11.986 -1.673 12.318 -0.915 1901 6 19.508 0.787 0 0 19.462 0.741 18.855 0.561 1901 7 21.989 0.576 0 0 21.956 0.543 22.218 1.231 1901 8 20.591 0.337 0 0 20.542 0.287 20.389 0.560 1901 9 16.648 0.790 0 0 16.597 0.739 16.002 0.570 1901 10 10.090 0.266 0 0 10.052 0.228 9.288 -0.110 1901 11 0.500 -3.595 0 0 0.446 -3.649 0.442 -3.226 1901 12 -3.019 -0.105 0 0 -3.112 -0.198 -4.335 -0.996 1902 1 -5.357 -0.038 0 0 -5.461 -0.143 -6.497 -0.752 1902 2 -3.914 0.327 0 0 -4.002 0.239 -5.250 -0.583 1902 3 4.596 3.587 0 0 4.506 3.497 3.993 3.410 1902 4 7.926 0.494 0 0 7.820 0.388 7.434 0.428 1902 5 13.154 -0.505 0 0 13.066 -0.593 12.594 -0.640 1902 6 16.950 -1.771 0 0 16.904 -1.817 16.365 -1.930 1902 7 18.953 -2.460 0 0 18.920 -2.493 18.996 -1.991 1902 8 18.297 -1.957 0 0 18.248 -2.007 17.972 -1.856 1902 9 15.287 -0.570 0 0 15.237 -0.621 15.086 -0.346 1902 10 9.597 -0.227 0 0 9.559 -0.264 9.203 -0.195 1902 11 4.926 0.831 0 0 4.872 0.777 5.663 1.994 1902 12 -4.642 -1.728 0 0 -4.735 -1.822 -6.203 -2.864 1903 1 -4.519 0.799 0 0 -4.624 0.695 -5.319 0.426 1903 2 -2.698 1.543 0 0 -2.787 1.454 -3.928 0.739 1903 3 4.870 3.862 0 0 4.780 3.771 4.989 4.406 1903 4 7.667 0.235 0 0 7.561 0.129 7.020 0.014 1903 5 14.158 0.499 0 0 14.070 0.411 14.100 0.867 1903 6 15.072 -3.649 0 0 15.025 -3.696 14.742 -3.553 1903 7 20.394 -1.019 0 0 20.361 -1.052 20.067 -0.920 1903 8 16.242 -4.013 0 0 16.193 -4.062 16.142 -3.687 1903 9 16.195 0.337 0 0 16.144 0.287 15.561 0.129 1903 10 10.161 0.338 0 0 10.124 0.300 9.449 0.051 1903 11 1.704 -2.391 0 0 1.649 -2.445 1.653 -2.016 1903 12 -5.305 -2.392 0 0 -5.398 -2.485 -6.560 -3.221 1904 1 -9.211 -3.893 0 0 -9.316 -3.997 -10.037 -4.293 1904 2 -8.229 -3.988 0 0 -8.318 -4.077 -9.122 -4.455 1904 3 -0.591 -1.600 0 0 -0.682 -1.691 -1.050 -1.633 1904 4 6.019 -1.413 0 0 5.913 -1.519 5.277 -1.729 1904 5 15.150 1.491 0 0 15.062 1.403 14.875 1.642 1904 6 16.833 -1.888 0 0 16.787 -1.934 17.053 -1.242 1904 7 20.699 -0.714 0 0 20.666 -0.747 20.284 -0.703 1904 8 19.032 -1.222 0 0 18.983 -1.272 18.344 -1.485 1904 9 14.492 -1.366 0 0 14.441 -1.416 14.351 -1.080 1904 10 7.407 -2.416 0 0 7.369 -2.454 7.352 -2.046 1904 11 0.281 -3.813 0 0 0.227 -3.868 0.575 -3.094 1904 12 -6.853 -3.940 0 0 -6.946 -4.033 -8.181 -4.842 1905 1 -7.280 -1.961 0 0 -7.384 -2.065 -7.854 -2.109 1905 2 -8.448 -4.207 1 0 NaN NaN -9.127 -4.460 1905 3 -0.066 -1.075 0 0 -0.157 -1.166 -0.467 -1.050 1905 4 7.028 -0.403 0 0 6.923 -0.509 6.624 -0.382 1905 5 12.924 -0.735 0 0 12.836 -0.823 12.866 -0.367 1905 6 17.150 -1.571 0 0 17.104 -1.617 16.904 -1.391 1905 7 21.439 0.026 0 0 21.406 -0.007 21.080 0.093 1905 8 18.235 -2.020 0 4 18.425 -1.829 18.191 -1.638 1905 9 14.618 -1.240 0 0 14.812 -1.045 14.440 -0.992 1905 10 9.576 -0.248 0 0 9.721 -0.103 9.054 -0.343 1905 11 1.835 -2.260 0 0 2.044 -2.051 2.402 -1.267 1905 12 -2.098 0.815 0 0 -1.741 1.172 -2.626 0.713 1906 1 -1.383 3.936 0 0 -0.982 4.337 -1.899 3.846 1906 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.138 -0.471 1906 3 -2.975 -3.984 0 0 -2.626 -3.635 -2.881 -3.464 1906 4 6.713 -0.718 0 0 7.120 -0.311 6.596 -0.410 1906 5 13.756 0.097 0 0 14.096 0.437 12.820 -0.413 1906 6 17.644 -1.077 0 0 17.822 -0.898 17.733 -0.562 1906 7 20.291 -1.122 0 0 20.418 -0.995 20.543 -0.444 1906 8 20.930 0.675 0 0 21.120 0.866 20.911 1.082 1906 9 16.407 0.549 0 0 16.601 0.744 16.386 0.954 1906 10 9.152 -0.671 0 0 9.297 -0.526 9.183 -0.214 1906 11 2.122 -1.973 0 0 2.330 -1.764 2.952 -0.717 1906 12 -6.180 -3.267 0 0 -5.822 -2.909 -6.150 -2.811 1907 1 -6.326 -1.008 0 0 -5.926 -0.607 -6.556 -0.811 1907 2 -8.440 -4.199 0 0 -8.099 -3.858 -9.611 -4.944 1907 3 1.081 0.072 0 0 1.430 0.421 0.663 0.080 1907 4 4.769 -2.663 0 0 5.176 -2.256 4.393 -2.612 1907 5 10.282 -3.377 0 0 10.622 -3.037 9.903 -3.330 1907 6 16.883 -1.838 0 0 17.062 -1.659 16.650 -1.645 1907 7 20.823 -0.591 0 0 20.949 -0.464 20.610 -0.378 1907 8 18.458 -1.797 0 0 18.649 -1.606 18.398 -1.431 1907 9 15.398 -0.459 0 0 15.593 -0.264 15.420 -0.011 1907 10 7.007 -2.816 0 0 7.152 -2.671 6.734 -2.663 1907 11 2.638 -1.456 0 0 2.847 -1.248 3.161 -0.508 1907 12 -1.316 1.597 0 0 -0.958 1.955 -2.028 1.311 1908 1 -4.173 1.145 0 0 -3.773 1.546 -4.529 1.216 1908 2 -7.134 -2.893 0 0 -6.794 -2.552 -7.158 -2.491 1908 3 1.093 0.084 0 0 1.442 0.433 0.606 0.024 1908 4 6.236 -1.196 0 0 6.643 -0.789 6.250 -0.756 1908 5 14.527 0.868 0 0 14.867 1.208 14.009 0.776 1908 6 18.860 0.139 0 0 19.038 0.317 18.620 0.325 1908 7 22.589 1.176 0 0 22.715 1.302 21.881 0.894 1908 8 18.055 -2.200 0 0 18.245 -2.009 18.464 -1.365 1908 9 16.565 0.707 0 0 16.760 0.902 16.373 0.942 1908 10 10.169 0.346 0 0 10.314 0.491 10.371 0.974 1908 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.309 -0.360 1908 12 -4.124 -1.211 0 0 -3.766 -0.853 -4.168 -0.829 1909 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -4.550 1.195 1909 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -3.420 1.247 1909 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.591 -1.173 1909 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.469 -0.537 1909 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.891 -1.342 1909 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.269 -0.026 1909 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.479 -1.508 1909 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.507 -1.321 1909 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.700 -0.732 1909 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.249 -1.149 1909 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.274 1.606 1909 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.369 -2.030