% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 38263 % Primary Name: MANCHESTER % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: MA % Latitude: 42.56670 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -70.73330 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 4.16 +/- 23.82 % # of Months: 18 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 194405 % % IDs: coop - 194405 % ghcnd - USC00194405 % ncdc - 12002437 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 251820cff71fc8612e35e7b6d79bc322 % Raw Data Hash: 879c0f103150d730a55e8e1f31549464 % Adj Data Hash: 654ba1f48a39c8f86003fea30b0a8c5f % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1884 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.693 -1.285 1884 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.457 -0.257 1884 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.095 -2.169 1884 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.510 -0.904 1884 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.823 0.484 1884 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.714 -0.985 1884 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.616 -0.732 1884 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.591 -0.136 1885 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.859 -0.314 1885 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.375 -4.586 1885 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.938 -5.156 1885 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.322 0.065 1885 5 10.326 -1.318 0 0 10.326 -1.318 9.741 -1.237 1885 6 15.902 -0.478 0 0 15.902 -0.478 15.694 -0.020 1885 7 19.810 -0.121 0 0 19.810 -0.121 19.502 0.237 1885 8 18.694 -1.386 0 0 18.694 -1.386 18.217 -1.197 1885 9 14.625 -2.380 0 0 14.625 -2.380 14.329 -2.009 1885 10 9.890 -2.475 0 0 9.890 -2.475 10.744 -0.956 1885 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.979 0.631 1885 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.369 -0.359 1886 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.168 -0.623 1886 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.543 -1.754 1886 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.296 -1.922 1886 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.142 0.886 1886 5 12.126 0.482 0 0 12.126 0.482 10.803 -0.175 1886 6 15.723 -0.656 0 0 15.723 -0.656 14.556 -1.158 1886 7 19.718 -0.213 0 0 19.718 -0.213 18.752 -0.512 1886 8 18.492 -1.588 0 0 18.492 -1.588 18.076 -1.338 1886 9 16.660 -0.345 0 0 16.660 -0.345 15.820 -0.519 1886 10 11.806 -0.559 0 0 11.806 -0.559 10.701 -0.998 1886 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.361 0.013 1886 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.812 -2.539 1887 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.328 -1.783 1887 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.809 -1.021 1887 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.725 -2.943 1887 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.137 -2.119 1887 5 13.955 2.311 0 0 13.955 2.311 11.861 0.883 1887 6 16.448 0.069 0 0 16.448 0.069 14.736 -0.977 1887 7 20.677 0.747 0 0 20.677 0.747 20.428 1.163 1887 8 18.808 -1.272 0 0 18.808 -1.272 17.782 -1.631 1887 9 14.723 -2.282 0 0 14.723 -2.282 14.270 -2.069 1887 10 10.000 -2.365 0 0 10.000 -2.365 10.382 -1.317 1887 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.402 -0.946 1887 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.923 -0.805 1888 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.223 -4.678 1888 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.980 -1.192 1888 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.239 -2.457 1888 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.693 -2.563 1888 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.949 -2.028 1888 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.679 -0.034 1888 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.415 -1.849 1888 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.637 -0.776 1888 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.237 -2.101 1888 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.374 -3.326