% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 38017 % Primary Name: WINTHROP % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: MA % Latitude: 42.36670 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -71.98330 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 12.19 +/- 0.15 % # of Months: 32 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 199820 % % IDs: coop - 199820 % ghcnd - USC00199820 % ncdc - 12002487 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 56fb808afb91505174b6926321ab5a4f % Raw Data Hash: 0badbccc03ef7a087fbed3b66c1fb12c % Adj Data Hash: 6a8907c18874252c60f5d0710b390425 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1892 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.887 -2.470 1892 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.668 -0.338 1892 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.756 -1.477 1892 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.636 1.341 1892 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.731 -0.256 1892 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.502 -0.327 1892 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.400 -1.032 1892 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.379 -1.018 1892 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2.808 -0.861 1892 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.351 -2.012 1893 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -10.011 -4.266 1893 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -6.301 -1.634 1893 3 0.197 -1.969 0 0 0.197 -1.969 -1.588 -2.171 1893 4 6.276 -2.313 0 0 6.276 -2.313 4.902 -2.104 1893 5 13.065 -1.752 0 0 13.065 -1.752 12.433 -0.800 1893 6 17.819 -2.059 0 0 17.819 -2.059 18.205 -0.090 1893 7 21.720 -0.850 0 0 21.720 -0.850 19.858 -1.129 1893 8 20.900 -0.512 0 0 20.900 -0.512 19.427 -0.401 1893 9 15.185 -1.830 0 0 15.185 -1.830 12.676 -2.756 1893 10 12.007 1.026 0 0 12.007 1.026 10.091 0.693 1893 11 5.056 -0.197 0 0 5.056 -0.197 2.884 -0.785 1893 12 -1.756 -0.001 0 0 -1.756 -0.001 -5.172 -1.833 1894 1 -2.025 2.136 0 0 -2.025 2.136 -4.561 1.183 1894 2 -4.052 -0.968 0 0 -4.052 -0.968 -6.819 -2.152 1894 3 5.179 3.013 0 0 5.179 3.013 3.336 2.753 1894 4 7.759 -0.830 0 0 7.759 -0.830 7.065 0.059 1894 5 13.746 -1.071 0 0 13.746 -1.071 13.058 -0.175 1894 6 19.833 -0.045 0 0 19.833 -0.045 18.770 0.475 1894 7 23.172 0.601 0 0 23.172 0.601 21.586 0.598 1894 8 19.821 -1.591 0 0 19.821 -1.591 18.331 -1.498 1894 9 18.037 1.022 0 0 18.037 1.022 16.350 0.918 1894 10 11.882 0.901 0 0 11.882 0.901 9.441 0.044 1894 11 2.835 -2.417 0 0 2.835 -2.417 0.934 -2.735 1894 12 -0.741 1.015 0 0 -0.741 1.015 -4.306 -0.967 1895 1 -2.227 1.934 0 0 -2.227 1.934 -6.375 -0.630 1895 2 -4.630 -1.546 0 0 -4.630 -1.546 -8.280 -3.613 1895 3 -0.824 -2.991 0 0 -0.824 -2.991 -1.321 -1.904 1895 4 6.015 -2.574 0 0 6.015 -2.574 6.433 -0.573 1895 5 14.278 -0.539 0 0 14.278 -0.539 14.301 1.068 1895 6 18.722 -1.156 0 0 18.722 -1.156 19.251 0.956 1895 7 19.409 -3.162 0 0 19.409 -3.162 18.958 -2.029 1895 8 19.086 -2.326 0 0 19.086 -2.326 19.355 -0.474 1895 9 18.000 0.985 0 0 18.000 0.985 16.159 0.727 1895 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.306 -3.091 1895 11 6.972 1.720 0 0 6.972 1.720 4.671 1.002 1895 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.308 1.031 1896 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -7.277 -1.532 1896 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -5.186 -0.518 1896 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -2.575 -3.158 1896 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.809 0.804 1896 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.842 1.608 1896 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.077 -1.218 1896 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.062 0.075 1896 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.819 -0.010 1896 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.424 -1.008 1896 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.297 -2.100 1896 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.613 1.945