% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 32091 % Primary Name: SALEM % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: VA % Latitude: 37.31670 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -80.08330 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 365.76 +/- 0.15 % # of Months: 91 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 447490 % % IDs: coop - 447490 % ghcnd - USC00447490 % ncdc - 12010261 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 301932b388012e11d23c5b9f08b650ce % Raw Data Hash: 1f9399802f23a585b9f19f2a299e1ff7 % Adj Data Hash: fa55fc04cceaccb33ab647ecbfc884f4 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1892 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -0.704 -1.389 1892 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 2.593 0.577 1892 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.048 -2.709 1892 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.951 -1.429 1892 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.918 -0.264 1892 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.623 1.592 1892 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.901 -0.340 1892 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.175 0.458 1892 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.926 -1.218 1892 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.377 -1.346 1892 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.384 -1.852 1892 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.674 -1.575 1893 1 -2.146 -5.083 0 0 -2.146 -5.083 -4.876 -5.561 1893 2 4.890 0.622 0 0 4.890 0.622 2.090 0.074 1893 3 7.833 -1.177 0 0 7.833 -1.177 6.038 -0.719 1893 4 13.833 -0.800 0 0 13.833 -0.800 12.871 0.491 1893 5 17.527 -1.907 0 0 17.527 -1.907 16.205 -0.977 1893 6 22.241 -1.042 0 0 22.241 -1.042 21.080 0.049 1893 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.928 0.688 1893 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.984 -0.734 1893 9 20.407 -0.989 0 0 20.407 -0.989 18.554 -0.589 1893 10 14.337 -0.638 0 0 14.337 -0.638 12.186 -0.536 1893 11 7.590 -1.898 0 0 7.590 -1.898 6.128 -1.107 1893 12 6.093 1.591 0 0 6.093 1.591 3.228 0.978 1894 1 5.645 2.708 0 0 5.645 2.708 2.865 2.180 1894 2 4.583 0.315 0 0 4.583 0.315 1.824 -0.192 1894 3 10.556 1.546 0 0 10.556 1.546 9.102 2.345 1894 4 12.815 -1.818 0 0 12.815 -1.818 11.611 -0.769 1894 5 19.032 -0.402 0 0 19.032 -0.402 17.668 0.486 1894 6 23.333 0.050 0 0 23.333 0.050 21.352 0.321 1894 7 24.839 -0.655 0 0 24.839 -0.655 23.213 -0.028 1894 8 23.763 -1.207 0 0 23.763 -1.207 21.889 -0.828 1894 9 22.556 1.159 0 0 22.556 1.159 20.219 1.076 1894 10 16.039 1.064 0 0 16.039 1.064 12.674 -0.049 1894 11 8.648 -0.840 0 0 8.648 -0.840 5.742 -1.493 1894 12 6.165 1.663 0 0 6.165 1.663 2.636 0.386 1895 1 1.245 -1.692 0 0 1.245 -1.692 -1.504 -2.188 1895 2 -0.496 -4.764 0 0 -0.496 -4.764 -4.723 -6.739 1895 3 8.512 -0.497 0 0 8.512 -0.497 5.878 -0.879 1895 4 13.074 -1.559 0 0 13.074 -1.559 11.849 -0.531 1895 5 17.043 -2.391 0 0 17.043 -2.391 15.909 -1.273 1895 6 23.130 -0.154 0 0 23.130 -0.154 21.901 0.870 1895 7 23.244 -2.250 0 0 23.244 -2.250 21.535 -1.706 1895 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.001 0.284 1895 9 24.093 2.696 0 0 24.093 2.696 21.747 2.603 1895 10 13.495 -1.480 0 0 13.495 -1.480 9.734 -2.988 1895 11 10.556 1.068 0 0 10.556 1.068 7.741 0.506 1895 12 5.251 0.749 0 0 5.251 0.749 2.142 -0.108 1896 1 2.574 -0.363 0 0 2.574 -0.363 0.259 -0.426 1896 2 4.861 0.593 0 0 4.861 0.593 1.628 -0.388 1896 3 6.075 -2.935 0 0 6.075 -2.935 4.348 -2.409 1896 4 15.881 1.248 0 0 15.881 1.248 14.553 2.173 1896 5 21.254 1.820 0 0 21.254 1.820 20.148 2.966 1896 6 21.407 -1.876 0 0 21.407 -1.876 20.547 -0.484 1896 7 24.660 -0.834 0 0 24.660 -0.834 23.178 -0.062 1896 8 24.660 -0.311 0 0 24.660 -0.311 22.832 0.115 1896 9 21.500 0.104 0 0 21.500 0.104 19.071 -0.073 1896 10 14.176 -0.799 0 0 14.176 -0.799 11.248 -1.474 1896 11 12.854 3.367 0 0 12.854 3.367 10.120 2.885 1896 12 5.681 1.179 0 0 5.681 1.179 1.627 -0.623 1897 1 2.312 -0.626 0 0 2.312 -0.626 -1.130 -1.815 1897 2 6.171 1.902 0 0 6.171 1.902 2.296 0.281 1897 3 10.345 1.335 0 0 10.345 1.335 8.301 1.544 1897 4 13.907 -0.726 0 0 13.907 -0.726 11.859 -0.522 1897 5 17.204 -2.230 0 0 17.204 -2.230 15.272 -1.909 1897 6 22.833 -0.450 0 0 22.833 -0.450 20.890 -0.140 1897 7 25.018 -0.475 0 0 25.018 -0.475 23.391 0.151 1897 8 24.140 -0.830 0 0 24.140 -0.830 22.119 -0.599 1897 9 22.482 1.085 0 0 22.482 1.085 19.673 0.529 1897 10 16.756 1.781 0 0 16.756 1.781 13.760 1.038 1897 11 10.722 1.234 0 0 10.722 1.234 7.644 0.409 1897 12 5.645 1.143 0 0 5.645 1.143 2.796 0.547 1898 1 5.340 2.403 0 0 5.340 2.403 2.432 1.747 1898 2 3.988 -0.280 0 0 3.988 -0.280 0.615 -1.401 1898 3 11.165 2.155 0 0 11.165 2.155 9.178 2.420 1898 4 11.111 -3.522 0 0 11.111 -3.522 9.823 -2.557 1898 5 19.432 -0.002 0 0 19.432 -0.002 17.830 0.649 1898 6 23.043 -0.240 0 0 23.043 -0.240 21.263 0.233 1898 7 24.756 -0.737 0 0 24.756 -0.737 23.602 0.361 1898 8 24.534 -0.436 0 0 24.534 -0.436 23.236 0.519 1898 9 22.268 0.872 0 0 22.268 0.872 20.216 1.072 1898 10 15.632 0.657 0 0 15.632 0.657 12.823 0.101 1898 11 8.137 -1.351 0 0 8.137 -1.351 5.727 -1.509 1898 12 5.087 0.585 0 0 5.087 0.585 1.125 -1.124 1899 1 4.368 1.430 0 0 4.368 1.430 0.422 -0.263 1899 2 0.713 -3.556 0 0 0.713 -3.556 -2.976 -4.992 1899 3 7.461 -1.549 0 0 7.461 -1.549 6.305 -0.452 1899 4 13.710 -0.923 0 0 13.710 -0.923 11.777 -0.604 1899 5 19.937 0.503 0 0 19.937 0.503 17.936 0.755 1899 6 23.517 0.233 0 0 23.517 0.233 21.979 0.949 1899 7 24.719 -0.774 0 0 24.719 -0.774 23.278 0.037 1899 8 25.385 0.415 0 0 25.385 0.415 23.618 0.901 1899 9 20.207 -1.190 0 0 20.207 -1.190 18.219 -0.925 1899 10 16.331 1.356 0 0 16.331 1.356 13.237 0.515 1899 11 11.062 1.574 0 0 11.062 1.574 7.876 0.641 1899 12 4.711 0.209 0 0 4.711 0.209 0.738 -1.512 1900 1 4.776 1.838 0 0 4.776 1.838 0.926 0.241 1900 2 2.809 -1.460 0 0 2.809 -1.460 -0.473 -2.489 1900 3 7.584 -1.426 0 0 7.584 -1.426 4.680 -2.077 1900 4 14.110 -0.523 0 0 14.110 -0.523 12.137 -0.244 1900 5 19.085 -0.349 0 0 19.085 -0.349 17.179 -0.003 1900 6 22.458 -0.825 0 0 22.458 -0.825 21.295 0.265 1900 7 25.194 -0.300 0 0 25.194 -0.300 23.953 0.712 1900 8 26.669 1.699 0 0 26.669 1.699 25.280 2.562 1900 9 22.517 1.120 0 0 22.517 1.120 22.185 3.041 1900 10 16.227 1.252 0 0 16.227 1.252 15.522 2.800 1900 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.857 1.622 1900 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.973 -0.277 1901 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.008 0.323 1901 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN -1.502 -3.518 1901 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.967 0.210 1901 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.435 -2.946 1901 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.557 -0.625 1901 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.194 0.163 1901 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.874 1.634 1901 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.411 -0.307 1901 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.341 -0.803 1901 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.405 -0.317