% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 31656 % Primary Name: NORFOLK SOUTH % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: VA % Latitude: 36.87080 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -76.22890 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 30.48 +/- 0.15 % # of Months: 128 % % Alternate Names: Missing Station ID - 446147 % % IDs: coop - 446147 % ghcnd - USC00446147 % ncdc - 30000796 % nws - NFKV2 % % Sources: US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % US Cooperative Summary of the Month % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: 5a9285dc21739b1f340b1f67c9dad8c1 % Raw Data Hash: 3eb76dcaebe6d6ddb3d854ca747f2e72 % Adj Data Hash: 629ca39e057d919f2444c97376daac2c % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 2002 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.184 2.975 2002 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.975 0.340 2002 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.926 1.133 2002 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.510 1.218 2002 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.401 1.074 2002 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.445 1.451 2002 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.187 1.543 2002 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.791 -0.062 2002 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.718 -0.507 2003 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.029 -2.256 2003 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.069 -0.455 2003 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.535 1.829 2003 4 14.444 1.153 0 0 14.203 0.912 14.391 0.182 2003 5 18.333 0.616 0 0 18.037 0.320 18.008 -0.627 2003 6 23.444 1.570 0 0 23.183 1.309 23.006 0.214 2003 7 26.278 1.903 0 0 26.087 1.712 25.822 0.530 2003 8 26.389 1.979 0 0 26.244 1.835 26.114 0.786 2003 9 22.778 0.702 0 0 22.675 0.600 23.751 0.757 2003 10 16.000 -0.725 0 0 15.968 -0.758 17.508 -0.135 2003 11 13.556 1.621 0 0 13.590 1.656 16.137 3.284 2003 12 5.611 -1.695 0 0 5.663 -1.644 7.988 -0.236 2004 1 2.667 -2.700 0 0 2.689 -2.678 4.508 -1.777 2004 2 4.833 -0.773 0 0 4.797 -0.809 6.004 -0.520 2004 3 10.278 1.489 0 0 10.147 1.358 10.699 0.993 2004 4 15.222 1.931 0 0 14.981 1.690 15.193 0.984 2004 5 23.000 5.283 0 0 22.704 4.986 22.048 3.413 2004 6 23.944 2.070 0 0 23.683 1.809 23.802 1.009 2004 7 26.333 1.959 0 0 26.142 1.768 26.378 1.085 2004 8 24.444 0.035 0 0 24.300 -0.110 24.822 -0.505 2004 9 22.333 0.258 0 0 22.231 0.155 23.787 0.793 2004 10 15.722 -1.003 0 0 15.690 -1.036 17.544 -0.100 2004 11 11.389 -0.545 0 0 11.423 -0.511 14.104 1.252 2004 12 6.333 -0.973 0 0 6.385 -0.922 8.960 0.735 2005 1 5.167 -0.200 0 0 5.189 -0.178 7.023 0.738 2005 2 5.111 -0.495 0 0 5.075 -0.532 6.215 -0.309 2005 3 7.222 -1.566 0 0 7.091 -1.697 7.964 -1.742 2005 4 14.167 0.876 0 0 13.925 0.634 14.270 0.062 2005 5 16.889 -0.828 0 0 16.592 -1.125 16.319 -2.316 2005 6 23.833 1.959 0 0 23.572 1.698 23.015 0.222 2005 7 27.111 2.737 0 0 26.920 2.546 26.782 1.489 2005 8 26.500 2.090 0 0 26.355 1.946 26.999 1.672 2005 9 23.667 1.591 0 0 23.564 1.489 25.329 2.335 2005 10 17.167 0.441 0 0 17.134 0.409 18.825 1.182 2005 11 11.944 0.010 0 0 11.979 0.045 14.906 2.054 2005 12 4.833 -2.473 0 0 4.885 -2.422 7.596 -0.628 2006 1 8.167 2.800 0 0 8.189 2.822 10.007 3.723 2006 2 5.389 -0.217 0 0 5.352 -0.254 6.738 0.214 2006 3 9.444 0.656 0 0 9.313 0.525 9.933 0.227 2006 4 15.667 2.376 0 0 15.425 2.134 15.941 1.732 2006 5 19.000 1.283 0 0 18.704 0.986 17.994 -0.641 2006 6 23.556 1.681 0 0 23.295 1.420 22.956 0.163 2006 7 26.778 2.403 0 0 26.587 2.212 26.378 1.086 2006 8 26.833 2.424 0 0 26.689 2.279 26.832 1.505 2006 9 21.000 -1.076 0 0 20.898 -1.178 22.370 -0.623 2006 10 15.667 -1.059 0 0 15.634 -1.091 17.397 -0.246 2006 11 11.778 -0.157 0 0 11.812 -0.122 14.645 1.792 2006 12 8.778 1.471 0 0 8.829 1.523 11.194 2.969 2007 1 7.111 1.744 0 0 7.133 1.766 9.413 3.129 2007 2 2.944 -2.662 0 0 2.908 -2.698 4.569 -1.955 2007 3 10.556 1.767 0 0 10.424 1.636 11.512 1.806 2007 4 14.056 0.765 0 0 13.814 0.523 14.492 0.283 2007 5 18.500 0.783 0 0 18.204 0.486 18.046 -0.589 2007 6 24.000 2.125 0 0 23.739 1.864 23.140 0.347 2007 7 25.944 1.570 0 0 25.753 1.379 25.295 0.003 2007 8 26.444 2.035 0 0 26.300 1.890 26.628 1.300 2007 9 23.111 1.036 0 0 23.009 0.933 24.166 1.173 2007 10 20.389 3.663 0 0 20.357 3.631 21.427 3.784 2007 11 10.667 -1.268 0 0 10.701 -1.233 13.268 0.416 2007 12 8.444 1.138 0 0 8.496 1.189 10.805 2.581 2008 1 5.556 0.189 0 0 5.577 0.211 7.224 0.939 2008 2 8.111 2.505 0 0 8.075 2.468 9.178 2.654 2008 3 11.444 2.656 0 0 11.313 2.525 12.077 2.371 2008 4 15.111 1.820 0 0 14.870 1.579 15.575 1.366 2008 5 18.556 0.838 0 0 18.259 0.542 18.221 -0.414 2008 6 26.056 4.181 0 0 25.795 3.920 25.224 2.432 2008 7 26.056 1.681 0 0 25.865 1.490 25.747 0.455 2008 8 25.000 0.590 0 0 24.855 0.446 25.562 0.235 2008 9 23.111 1.036 0 0 23.009 0.933 24.252 1.259 2008 10 15.556 -1.170 0 0 15.523 -1.202 16.923 -0.720 2008 11 9.444 -2.490 0 0 9.479 -2.455 11.982 -0.870 2008 12 8.667 1.360 0 0 8.718 1.412 10.601 2.376 2009 1 3.111 -2.256 0 0 3.133 -2.234 5.567 -0.717 2009 2 6.111 0.505 0 0 6.075 0.468 6.723 0.199 2009 3 8.833 0.045 0 0 8.702 -0.086 9.415 -0.291 2009 4 15.611 2.320 0 0 15.370 2.079 15.571 1.362 2009 5 20.889 3.172 0 0 20.592 2.875 20.057 1.422 2009 6 24.428 2.554 0 0 24.167 2.293 23.638 0.845 2009 7 25.278 0.903 0 0 25.087 0.712 24.853 -0.440 2009 8 26.500 2.090 0 0 26.355 1.946 26.602 1.274 2009 9 21.667 -0.409 0 0 21.564 -0.511 22.967 -0.026 2009 10 16.889 0.163 0 0 16.857 0.131 18.054 0.411 2009 11 12.778 0.843 0 0 12.812 0.878 15.151 2.299 2009 12 6.000 -1.307 0 0 6.052 -1.255 8.686 0.462 2010 1 3.111 -2.256 0 0 3.133 -2.234 4.693 -1.592 2010 2 2.833 -2.773 0 0 2.797 -2.809 3.964 -2.560 2010 3 10.500 1.712 0 0 10.369 1.581 10.834 1.128 2010 4 16.500 3.209 0 0 16.258 2.967 16.437 2.229 2010 5 21.167 3.450 0 0 20.870 3.153 20.354 1.719 2010 6 26.500 4.625 0 4 27.047 5.173 26.013 3.221 2010 7 27.444 3.070 0 0 27.845 3.471 26.767 1.475 2010 8 26.167 1.757 0 0 26.470 2.060 26.447 1.119 2010 9 23.222 1.147 0 0 23.437 1.361 24.479 1.486 2010 10 16.944 0.219 0 0 17.012 0.287 18.506 0.863 2010 11 10.778 -1.157 0 0 10.705 -1.229 13.241 0.389 2010 12 1.167 -6.140 0 0 1.059 -6.248 3.713 -4.511 2011 1 1.889 -3.478 0 0 1.843 -3.524 4.360 -1.925 2011 2 7.333 1.727 0 0 7.410 1.804 8.037 1.513 2011 3 9.111 0.323 0 0 9.386 0.598 10.330 0.624 2011 4 16.944 3.653 0 0 17.451 4.160 17.255 3.046 2011 5 20.444 2.727 0 0 21.066 3.349 19.996 1.361 2011 6 25.056 3.181 0 0 25.603 3.728 24.868 2.075 2011 7 27.167 2.792 0 0 27.567 3.193 26.932 1.639 2011 8 25.667 1.257 0 0 25.970 1.560 26.541 1.214 2011 9 23.167 1.091 0 0 23.382 1.306 24.185 1.191 2011 10 15.222 -1.503 0 0 15.290 -1.435 17.514 -0.129 2011 11 12.000 0.066 0 0 11.928 -0.007 14.900 2.047 2011 12 8.477 1.171 0 0 8.369 1.063 11.506 3.282 2012 1 6.871 1.504 0 0 6.825 1.458 9.043 2.759 2012 2 6.940 1.333 0 0 7.016 1.410 8.621 2.097 2012 3 13.927 5.139 0 0 14.202 5.414 14.890 5.184 2012 4 14.120 0.829 0 0 14.627 1.336 15.197 0.988 2012 5 20.582 2.865 0 0 21.204 3.487 20.562 1.927 2012 6 22.652 0.777 0 0 23.199 1.324 22.788 -0.005 2012 7 27.397 3.022 0 0 27.797 3.423 27.581 2.288 2012 8 25.358 0.948 0 0 25.661 1.251 26.146 0.818 2012 9 21.479 -0.596 0 0 21.694 -0.381 23.477 0.483 2012 10 16.287 -0.439 0 0 16.355 -0.371 18.269 0.626 2012 11 8.388 -3.546 0 0 8.316 -3.619 11.174 -1.678 2012 12 8.931 1.624 0 0 8.823 1.516 11.314 3.089 2013 1 5.552 0.185 0 0 5.506 0.139 7.997 1.712 2013 2 5.046 -0.560 0 0 5.123 -0.483 6.780 0.256 2013 3 6.498 -2.290 0 0 6.773 -2.015 7.695 -2.012 2013 4 14.845 1.554 0 0 15.352 2.061 14.875 0.666 2013 5 19.134 1.417 0 0 19.756 2.039 18.771 0.136 2013 6 23.965 2.090 0 0 24.512 2.638 23.840 1.047 2013 7 26.305 1.930 0 0 26.705 2.331 26.167 0.874 2013 8 24.031 -0.379 0 0 24.334 -0.076 24.687 -0.641 2013 9 21.007 -1.069 0 0 21.222 -0.854 22.522 -0.471 2013 10 16.895 0.170 0 0 16.963 0.237 18.494 0.851 2013 11 14.490 2.556 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN