% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 31637 % Primary Name: NORFOLK WB CITY % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: VA % Latitude: 36.85000 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -76.28330 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 10.90 +/- 9.25 % # of Months: 211 % % Alternate Names: NORFOLK % NORFOLK ASC % NORFOLK WBO % % IDs: coop - 446144 % ghcnd - USC00446144 % gsod - 999999-13778 % ncdc - 20026914 % wban - 13778 % % Sources: US First Order Summary of the Day % US Cooperative Summary of the Day % Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Global Summary of the Day % US Cooperative Summary of the Month % Multi-network Metadata System % % Site Hash: ec10a54188b1e6359b72ebd110891b3b % Raw Data Hash: 38773c190906d25ef50a2ba5715104bc % Adj Data Hash: 087177d0939f7bb8ade38f1b13f2c02c % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1947 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.209 3.924 1947 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.244 -3.281 1947 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.087 -3.619 1947 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.911 0.703 1947 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.290 0.655 1947 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.145 -0.648 1947 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.027 -1.265 1947 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.586 0.259 1947 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.758 0.765 1947 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.606 1.963 1947 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.985 -0.867 1947 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.159 -1.066 1948 1 2.222 -4.657 0 0 2.838 -4.042 3.288 -2.996 1948 2 6.167 -0.952 0 0 6.818 -0.301 6.340 -0.184 1948 3 11.611 1.310 0 0 12.386 2.085 11.928 2.222 1948 4 14.889 0.085 0 0 15.772 0.968 15.146 0.937 1948 5 20.056 0.826 0 0 20.846 1.617 19.047 0.412 1948 6 24.278 0.890 0 0 24.808 1.421 23.097 0.305 1948 7 26.556 0.669 0 0 26.889 1.001 25.640 0.348 1948 8 25.556 -0.367 0 0 25.862 -0.060 24.773 -0.554 1948 9 22.333 -1.255 0 0 22.695 -0.894 22.552 -0.442 1948 10 15.611 -2.627 0 0 16.032 -2.206 15.611 -2.033 1948 11 14.558 1.111 0 0 15.062 1.615 16.005 3.152 1948 12 8.444 -0.375 0 0 9.031 0.211 9.690 1.465 1949 1 9.889 3.010 0 0 10.504 3.625 10.763 4.479 1949 2 10.167 3.048 0 0 10.818 3.699 10.153 3.629 1949 3 10.500 0.199 0 0 11.275 0.974 10.537 0.830 1949 4 14.889 0.085 0 0 15.772 0.968 14.585 0.376 1949 5 19.556 0.326 0 0 20.346 1.117 18.674 0.039 1949 6 24.333 0.946 0 0 24.864 1.477 23.369 0.576 1949 7 27.611 1.724 0 0 27.944 2.057 26.630 1.338 1949 8 26.000 0.078 0 0 26.307 0.385 25.520 0.193 1949 9 22.167 -1.421 0 0 22.528 -1.060 22.398 -0.595 1949 10 19.278 1.040 0 0 19.699 1.461 19.718 2.075 1949 11 11.556 -1.891 0 0 12.060 -1.387 12.820 -0.032 1949 12 8.611 -0.208 0 0 9.197 0.378 9.734 1.510 1950 1 12.165 5.285 0 0 12.780 5.901 13.063 6.778 1950 2 7.444 0.326 0 0 8.095 0.977 8.272 1.748 1950 3 8.778 -1.523 0 0 9.552 -0.748 9.219 -0.487 1950 4 13.500 -1.303 0 0 14.383 -0.420 13.405 -0.804 1950 5 18.722 -0.507 0 0 19.513 0.283 17.997 -0.638 1950 6 24.056 0.668 0 0 24.586 1.199 22.657 -0.135 1950 7 25.611 -0.276 0 0 25.944 0.057 24.667 -0.626 1950 8 24.722 -1.200 0 0 25.029 -0.893 24.205 -1.123 1950 9 22.111 -1.477 0 0 22.472 -1.116 22.575 -0.419 1950 10 18.667 0.429 0 0 19.088 0.850 18.929 1.286 1950 11 11.167 -2.280 0 0 11.671 -1.776 12.301 -0.551 1950 12 4.667 -4.152 0 0 5.253 -3.566 5.773 -2.452 1951 1 7.500 0.621 0 0 8.115 1.236 8.255 1.970 1951 2 7.056 -0.063 0 0 7.707 0.588 6.974 0.450 1951 3 9.333 -0.967 0 0 10.108 -0.193 9.300 -0.406 1951 4 14.889 0.085 0 0 15.772 0.968 14.388 0.179 1951 5 19.222 -0.007 0 0 20.013 0.783 17.940 -0.695 1951 6 24.111 0.724 0 0 24.642 1.254 22.675 -0.118 1951 7 26.444 0.557 0 0 26.777 0.890 25.286 -0.007 1951 8 25.722 -0.200 0 0 26.029 0.107 25.231 -0.096 1951 9 22.889 -0.699 0 0 23.250 -0.338 23.199 0.205 1951 10 18.500 0.262 0 0 18.921 0.683 19.035 1.392 1951 11 9.833 -3.614 0 0 10.337 -3.110 11.890 -0.963 1951 12 9.000 0.181 0 0 9.586 0.767 9.808 1.584 1952 1 8.222 1.343 0 0 8.838 1.958 9.005 2.721 1952 2 7.389 0.270 0 0 8.040 0.921 7.468 0.944 1952 3 9.500 -0.801 0 0 10.275 -0.026 9.374 -0.333 1952 4 15.889 1.085 0 0 16.772 1.968 15.487 1.279 1952 5 20.111 0.881 0 0 20.902 1.672 18.885 0.250 1952 6 26.500 3.113 0 0 27.031 3.643 25.083 2.290 1952 7 27.778 1.891 0 4 27.663 1.776 26.322 1.030 1952 8 26.222 0.300 0 0 26.117 0.194 25.505 0.178 1952 9 23.056 -0.533 0 0 22.931 -0.657 23.113 0.120 1952 10 15.611 -2.627 0 0 15.466 -2.772 15.623 -2.021 1952 11 11.944 -1.502 0 0 11.771 -1.676 12.939 0.087 1952 12 7.056 -1.764 0 0 6.854 -1.965 7.711 -0.514 1953 1 8.611 1.732 0 0 8.399 1.520 9.690 3.405 1953 2 8.778 1.659 0 0 8.554 1.435 8.638 2.114 1953 3 11.278 0.977 0 0 11.011 0.711 11.011 1.305 1953 4 15.444 0.641 0 0 15.141 0.337 14.942 0.733 1953 5 22.500 3.270 0 0 22.228 2.998 21.135 2.500 1953 6 23.833 0.446 0 0 23.651 0.263 22.420 -0.373 1953 7 27.056 1.169 0 0 26.941 1.054 25.807 0.515 1953 8 26.222 0.300 0 0 26.117 0.194 25.028 -0.300 1953 9 23.556 -0.033 0 0 23.431 -0.157 23.008 0.015 1953 10 18.667 0.429 0 0 18.522 0.284 18.137 0.494 1953 11 12.667 -0.780 0 0 12.493 -0.954 12.687 -0.166 1953 12 9.444 0.625 0 0 9.243 0.424 9.369 1.145 1954 1 7.167 0.287 0 0 6.955 0.076 7.181 0.896 1954 2 10.278 3.159 0 0 10.054 2.935 8.896 2.372 1954 3 11.556 1.255 0 0 11.289 0.988 10.239 0.533 1954 4 18.278 3.474 0 0 17.974 3.171 16.276 2.067 1954 5 19.611 0.381 0 0 19.339 0.110 17.386 -1.249 1954 6 25.778 2.390 0 0 25.595 2.208 23.427 0.634 1954 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.900 -0.392 1954 8 26.722 0.800 0 0 26.617 0.694 25.496 0.169 1954 9 24.444 0.856 0 0 24.320 0.732 23.963 0.970 1954 10 19.167 0.929 0 0 19.022 0.784 18.748 1.105 1954 11 11.000 -2.447 0 0 10.827 -2.620 11.971 -0.882 1954 12 6.778 -2.041 0 0 6.576 -2.243 6.718 -1.507 1955 1 5.222 -1.657 0 0 5.011 -1.869 5.014 -1.271 1955 2 7.000 -0.119 0 0 6.776 -0.343 5.961 -0.563 1955 3 13.333 3.033 0 0 13.067 2.766 12.083 2.377 1955 4 17.778 2.974 0 0 17.474 2.671 15.826 1.617 1955 5 21.611 2.381 0 0 21.339 2.110 19.019 0.384 1955 6 23.611 0.224 0 0 23.429 0.041 21.124 -1.668 1955 7 28.389 2.502 0 0 28.274 2.387 26.420 1.128 1955 8 27.778 1.856 0 0 27.672 1.750 26.118 0.791 1955 9 23.889 0.301 0 0 23.765 0.177 23.563 0.569 1955 10 19.222 0.984 0 0 19.077 0.839 17.904 0.261 1955 11 12.444 -1.002 0 0 12.271 -1.176 12.307 -0.545 1955 12 5.056 -3.764 0 0 4.854 -3.965 5.430 -2.794 1956 1 4.889 -1.990 0 0 4.677 -2.202 4.327 -1.958 1956 2 9.333 2.215 0 0 9.109 1.991 8.744 2.220 1956 3 10.778 0.477 0 0 10.511 0.211 9.500 -0.207 1956 4 15.667 0.863 0 0 15.363 0.559 13.628 -0.581 1956 5 20.500 1.270 0 0 20.228 0.998 17.946 -0.689 1956 6 25.444 2.057 0 0 25.262 1.875 22.940 0.148 1956 7 27.333 1.446 0 0 27.219 1.332 25.310 0.017 1956 8 26.611 0.689 0 0 26.506 0.583 25.000 -0.327 1956 9 22.944 -0.644 0 0 22.820 -0.768 22.616 -0.378 1956 10 18.667 0.429 0 0 18.522 0.284 18.604 0.960 1956 11 12.000 -1.447 0 0 11.827 -1.620 13.049 0.197 1956 12 12.000 3.181 0 0 11.798 2.979 12.867 4.642 1957 1 5.889 -0.990 0 0 5.677 -1.202 6.174 -0.110 1957 2 8.611 1.492 0 0 8.387 1.268 8.127 1.603 1957 3 10.778 0.477 0 0 10.511 0.211 9.572 -0.134 1957 4 18.722 3.919 0 0 18.418 3.615 16.770 2.561 1957 5 21.722 2.493 0 0 21.450 2.221 19.414 0.779 1957 6 26.500 3.113 0 0 26.317 2.930 24.186 1.393 1957 7 27.167 1.280 0 0 27.052 1.165 25.260 -0.033 1957 8 25.722 -0.200 0 0 25.617 -0.306 24.439 -0.889 1957 9 24.778 1.190 0 0 24.654 1.065 24.535 1.541 1957 10 15.833 -2.405 0 0 15.688 -2.549 15.727 -1.916 1957 11 13.389 -0.058 0 0 13.216 -0.231 13.961 1.109 1957 12 9.222 0.403 0 0 9.021 0.202 9.689 1.464 1958 1 4.111 -2.768 0 0 3.899 -2.980 4.311 -1.974 1958 2 3.833 -3.285 0 0 3.609 -3.509 3.011 -3.513 1958 3 7.889 -2.412 0 0 7.622 -2.678 7.055 -2.651 1958 4 15.722 0.919 0 0 15.418 0.615 13.958 -0.251 1958 5 20.611 1.381 0 0 20.339 1.110 18.429 -0.206 1958 6 23.444 0.057 0 0 23.262 -0.125 21.172 -1.620 1958 7 28.389 2.502 0 0 28.274 2.387 26.608 1.316 1958 8 26.611 0.689 0 0 26.506 0.583 25.519 0.191 1958 9 23.111 -0.477 0 0 22.987 -0.601 22.519 -0.475 1958 10 17.556 -0.682 0 0 17.411 -0.827 17.098 -0.545 1958 11 14.333 0.886 0 0 14.160 0.713 14.957 2.105 1958 12 4.944 -3.875 0 0 4.743 -4.076 5.031 -3.193 1959 1 5.444 -1.435 0 0 5.233 -1.646 5.654 -0.631 1959 2 7.889 0.770 0 0 7.665 0.546 7.219 0.695 1959 3 10.611 0.310 0 0 10.345 0.044 9.909 0.202 1959 4 16.500 1.697 0 0 16.196 1.393 15.293 1.084 1959 5 22.167 2.937 0 0 21.895 2.665 19.962 1.327 1959 6 25.278 1.890 0 0 25.095 1.708 23.170 0.378 1959 7 26.000 0.113 0 0 25.885 -0.002 25.295 0.002 1959 8 27.444 1.522 0 0 27.339 1.417 26.148 0.820 1959 9 23.278 -0.310 0 0 23.154 -0.435 23.844 0.850 1959 10 18.167 -0.071 0 0 18.022 -0.216 19.405 1.762 1959 11 11.833 -1.614 0 0 11.660 -1.787 13.404 0.551 1959 12 8.111 -0.708 0 0 7.910 -0.910 9.115 0.891 1960 1 7.167 0.287 0 0 6.955 0.076 7.194 0.910 1960 2 7.111 -0.008 0 0 6.887 -0.232 6.454 -0.070 1960 3 4.889 -5.412 0 0 4.622 -5.678 4.336 -5.370 1960 4 18.444 3.641 0 0 18.141 3.337 16.583 2.374 1960 5 20.000 0.770 0 0 19.728 0.498 18.750 0.115 1960 6 24.722 1.335 0 0 24.540 1.152 23.117 0.325 1960 7 26.722 0.835 0 0 26.608 0.721 24.556 -0.736 1960 8 26.889 0.967 0 0 26.783 0.861 26.037 0.709 1960 9 23.667 0.079 0 0 23.542 -0.046 23.479 0.485 1960 10 17.111 -1.127 0 0 16.966 -1.272 17.759 0.116 1960 11 13.278 -0.169 0 0 13.104 -0.342 13.924 1.072 1960 12 5.167 -3.652 0 0 4.965 -3.854 4.812 -3.413 1961 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.310 -1.975 1961 2 8.389 1.270 0 0 8.165 1.046 7.526 1.002 1961 3 12.889 2.588 0 0 12.622 2.322 11.873 2.167 1961 4 14.333 -0.470 0 0 14.030 -0.774 12.893 -1.316 1961 5 19.056 -0.174 0 0 18.784 -0.446 16.839 -1.796 1961 6 23.556 0.168 0 0 23.373 -0.014 21.784 -1.008 1961 7 27.222 1.335 0 0 27.108 1.221 25.935 0.643 1961 8 25.889 -0.033 0 0 25.783 -0.139 25.408 0.080 1961 9 24.722 1.134 0 0 24.598 1.010 24.663 1.670 1961 10 17.611 -0.627 0 0 17.466 -0.772 17.115 -0.529 1961 11 13.111 -0.336 0 0 12.938 -0.509 13.998 1.146 1961 12 6.833 -1.986 0 0 6.632 -2.187 7.836 -0.388 1962 1 6.111 -0.768 0 0 5.899 -0.980 6.077 -0.208 1962 2 6.889 -0.230 0 0 6.665 -0.454 6.828 0.303 1962 3 8.778 -1.523 0 0 8.511 -1.789 7.814 -1.893 1962 4 15.556 0.752 0 0 15.252 0.448 14.401 0.192 1962 5 22.167 2.937 0 0 21.895 2.665 19.857 1.222 1962 6 24.056 0.668 0 0 23.873 0.486 22.511 -0.282 1962 7 25.278 -0.609 0 0 25.163 -0.724 24.162 -1.130 1962 8 25.389 -0.533 0 0 25.283 -0.639 24.760 -0.568 1962 9 22.278 -1.310 0 0 22.154 -1.435 21.989 -1.004 1962 10 18.833 0.595 0 0 18.688 0.451 18.338 0.694 1962 11 10.833 -2.614 0 0 10.660 -2.787 11.952 -0.900 1962 12 4.889 -3.930 0 0 4.687 -4.132 5.752 -2.472 1963 1 4.667 -2.213 0 0 4.455 -2.424 4.438 -1.847 1963 2 3.833 -3.285 0 0 3.609 -3.509 3.078 -3.446 1963 3 13.389 3.088 0 0 13.122 2.822 11.866 2.160 1963 4 17.056 2.252 0 0 16.752 1.948 14.767 0.558 1963 5 19.333 0.104 0 0 19.061 -0.168 16.922 -1.713 1963 6 24.056 0.668 0 0 23.873 0.486 22.166 -0.627 1963 7 25.889 0.002 0 0 25.774 -0.113 24.693 -0.599 1963 8 25.833 -0.089 0 0 25.728 -0.195 24.859 -0.469 1963 9 21.111 -2.477 0 0 20.987 -2.601 20.998 -1.995 1963 10 17.889 -0.349 0 0 17.744 -0.494 17.201 -0.442 1963 11 12.889 -0.558 0 0 12.716 -0.731 13.762 0.909 1963 12 3.944 -4.875 0 0 3.743 -5.076 4.375 -3.850 1964 1 7.833 0.954 0 0 7.622 0.742 7.336 1.051 1964 2 6.667 -0.452 0 0 6.443 -0.676 5.423 -1.101 1964 3 12.333 2.033 0 0 12.067 1.766 10.560 0.854 1964 4 15.611 0.808 0 0 15.307 0.504 14.165 -0.044 1964 5 21.000 1.770 0 0 20.728 1.498 18.763 0.128 1964 6 25.333 1.946 0 0 25.151 1.763 22.934 0.142 1964 7 25.833 -0.054 0 0 25.719 -0.168 24.805 -0.488 1964 8 24.389 -1.533 0 0 24.283 -1.639 24.026 -1.302 1964 9 22.833 -0.755 0 0 22.709 -0.879 22.855 -0.138 1964 10 15.667 -2.571 0 0 15.522 -2.716 15.835 -1.809 1964 11 14.611 1.164 0 0 14.438 0.991 15.016 2.164 1964 12 10.167 1.348 0 0 9.965 1.146 9.763 1.538 1965 1 7.056 0.176 0 0 6.844 -0.035 6.410 0.126 1965 2 7.722 0.603 0 0 7.498 0.380 5.931 -0.593 1965 3 8.889 -1.412 0 0 8.622 -1.678 7.832 -1.874 1965 4 14.278 -0.526 0 0 13.974 -0.829 12.819 -1.390 1965 5 22.389 3.159 0 0 22.117 2.887 20.045 1.410 1965 6 23.389 0.002 0 0 23.206 -0.181 21.713 -1.080 1965 7 25.667 -0.220 0 0 25.552 -0.335 24.357 -0.935 1965 8 26.167 0.244 0 0 26.061 0.139 25.298 -0.030 1965 9 23.889 0.301 0 0 23.765 0.177 23.874 0.881 1965 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.813 -0.830 1965 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 13.506 0.654 1965 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.468 0.243 1966 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.690 -1.594 1966 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.271 -1.253 1966 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.802 0.096 1966 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 13.180 -1.029 1966 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.239 -1.396 1966 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.393 -1.400 1966 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.432 0.140 1966 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.845 -0.483 1966 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.978 -0.016