% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 23937 % Primary Name: LUPEPAUU % Record Type: TAVG % Country: Tonga % Latitude: -18.58300 +/- 0.00050 % Longitude: -173.96700 +/- 0.00050 % Elevation (m): 70.00 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 220 % % IDs: gsod - 917790-99999 % usaf - 917790 % % Sources: Global Summary of the Day % % Site Hash: 7d8287ace14abd34db2a29ed963c3003 % Raw Data Hash: 38303275e0c8448576f1bb23dadf618b % Adj Data Hash: 19799e709a03572f7324e1fd9026aa82 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1994 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.146 0.153 1994 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.227 -0.802 1994 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.605 -0.797 1994 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.285 -0.188 1994 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.398 0.017 1994 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.155 -0.784 1994 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.279 -0.176 1994 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.722 0.414 1994 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.144 0.184 1995 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.409 -0.107 1995 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.412 0.621 1995 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.343 0.737 1995 4 25.789 0.439 0 0 26.031 0.680 26.430 0.437 1995 5 24.037 -0.349 0 0 24.282 -0.104 24.771 -0.258 1995 6 23.728 -0.031 0 0 23.946 0.186 24.820 0.418 1995 7 23.613 0.783 0 0 23.834 1.004 24.297 0.824 1995 8 23.404 0.665 0 0 23.669 0.931 23.898 0.516 1995 9 23.692 0.395 0 0 23.958 0.661 24.570 0.631 1995 10 23.881 0.068 0 0 24.084 0.271 24.884 0.429 1995 11 25.491 0.826 0 0 25.662 0.996 26.292 0.984 1995 12 25.377 0.059 0 0 25.590 0.273 26.555 0.595 1996 1 26.096 0.222 0 0 26.351 0.477 26.691 0.174 1996 2 26.391 0.243 0 0 26.632 0.483 27.246 0.455 1996 3 26.335 0.372 0 0 26.559 0.596 27.002 0.396 1996 4 25.865 0.515 0 0 26.107 0.757 26.707 0.714 1996 5 23.199 -1.187 0 0 23.445 -0.942 24.384 -0.645 1996 6 24.381 0.622 0 0 24.598 0.839 25.138 0.736 1996 7 23.342 0.512 0 0 23.563 0.733 24.153 0.680 1996 8 22.406 -0.333 0 0 22.672 -0.067 23.477 0.095 1996 9 23.841 0.544 0 0 24.108 0.811 24.890 0.951 1996 10 23.634 -0.179 0 0 23.837 0.025 24.622 0.167 1996 11 25.023 0.358 0 0 25.193 0.528 25.946 0.639 1996 12 26.492 1.175 0 0 26.706 1.388 27.163 1.203 1997 1 26.562 0.688 0 0 26.817 0.943 27.068 0.551 1997 2 26.995 0.847 0 0 27.236 1.087 27.580 0.789 1997 3 26.493 0.529 0 0 26.716 0.753 27.096 0.490 1997 4 25.398 0.048 0 0 25.640 0.290 26.065 0.072 1997 5 23.290 -1.096 0 0 23.535 -0.851 24.418 -0.611 1997 6 22.659 -1.100 0 0 22.876 -0.883 23.777 -0.625 1997 7 22.492 -0.338 0 0 22.713 -0.117 23.301 -0.172 1997 8 21.728 -1.011 0 0 21.994 -0.745 22.707 -0.674 1997 9 21.900 -1.396 0 0 22.167 -1.130 23.236 -0.704 1997 10 24.126 0.314 0 0 24.330 0.517 24.808 0.353 1997 11 25.411 0.745 0 0 25.581 0.916 25.988 0.680 1997 12 26.115 0.798 0 0 26.329 1.011 26.652 0.692 1998 1 26.676 0.802 0 0 26.931 1.057 27.391 0.875 1998 2 26.246 0.097 0 0 26.486 0.337 27.120 0.329 1998 3 26.174 0.211 0 0 26.398 0.435 27.000 0.394 1998 4 25.254 -0.097 0 0 25.496 0.145 26.342 0.349 1998 5 23.756 -0.630 0 0 24.002 -0.385 24.820 -0.209 1998 6 23.661 -0.099 0 0 23.878 0.119 24.825 0.423 1998 7 21.882 -0.948 0 0 22.103 -0.727 22.875 -0.598 1998 8 22.794 0.055 0 0 23.060 0.321 23.844 0.463 1998 9 23.253 -0.044 0 0 23.520 0.223 24.494 0.555 1998 10 24.176 0.364 0 0 24.380 0.567 25.183 0.728 1998 11 26.528 1.863 0 0 26.698 2.033 27.231 1.923 1998 12 26.795 1.477 0 0 27.008 1.691 27.525 1.565 1999 1 25.732 -0.142 0 0 25.987 0.113 26.610 0.093 1999 2 25.468 -0.680 0 0 25.708 -0.440 26.568 -0.223 1999 3 26.281 0.318 1 0 NaN NaN 27.123 0.517 1999 4 25.693 0.342 1 0 NaN NaN 27.081 1.088 1999 5 24.161 -0.225 0 0 24.406 0.020 24.946 -0.083 1999 6 23.230 -0.530 0 0 23.447 -0.312 24.507 0.104 1999 7 23.893 1.063 0 4 23.858 1.028 24.497 1.024 1999 8 23.356 0.618 0 0 23.366 0.627 23.851 0.470 1999 9 23.650 0.353 0 0 23.661 0.364 24.505 0.565 1999 10 24.134 0.321 0 0 24.081 0.268 24.704 0.248 1999 11 25.531 0.866 0 0 25.445 0.780 26.055 0.747 1999 12 26.072 0.754 0 0 26.029 0.712 26.701 0.741 2000 1 26.819 0.945 0 0 26.818 0.944 27.335 0.819 2000 2 26.646 0.497 1 0 NaN NaN 27.540 0.748 2000 3 26.384 0.421 1 0 NaN NaN 27.398 0.793 2000 4 26.327 0.976 1 0 NaN NaN 26.744 0.751 2000 5 24.374 -0.012 1 0 NaN NaN 25.661 0.632 2000 6 23.909 0.150 0 0 23.871 0.111 24.918 0.516 2000 7 22.361 -0.469 0 0 22.326 -0.504 23.256 -0.217 2000 8 23.197 0.458 0 0 23.206 0.467 23.751 0.370 2000 9 23.548 0.252 0 0 23.559 0.262 24.345 0.406 2000 10 23.991 0.179 0 0 23.939 0.126 24.663 0.208 2000 11 25.598 0.933 0 0 25.512 0.847 26.129 0.821 2000 12 25.920 0.603 0 0 25.878 0.560 26.438 0.478 2001 1 26.991 1.117 0 0 26.990 1.116 27.481 0.965 2001 2 26.630 0.482 0 0 26.614 0.466 27.425 0.634 2001 3 25.970 0.006 0 0 25.937 -0.026 26.680 0.074 2001 4 26.285 0.935 0 0 26.271 0.921 26.704 0.711 2001 5 24.889 0.502 0 0 24.878 0.491 25.504 0.475 2001 6 23.761 0.001 0 0 23.722 -0.038 24.649 0.247 2001 7 22.912 0.082 0 0 22.877 0.047 23.564 0.091 2001 8 23.315 0.577 0 0 23.325 0.586 24.055 0.674 2001 9 23.684 0.387 0 0 23.694 0.398 24.623 0.684 2001 10 23.822 0.009 0 0 23.769 -0.044 24.756 0.300 2001 11 25.372 0.707 0 0 25.286 0.621 26.175 0.867 2001 12 25.952 0.635 0 0 25.910 0.592 26.502 0.542 2002 1 27.280 1.406 0 0 27.279 1.405 27.626 1.109 2002 2 27.854 1.705 0 0 27.838 1.690 28.193 1.402 2002 3 27.210 1.247 0 0 27.178 1.215 27.647 1.041 2002 4 26.730 1.380 0 0 26.716 1.365 27.083 1.090 2002 5 25.368 0.981 0 0 25.357 0.970 25.753 0.724 2002 6 24.637 0.877 0 0 24.598 0.839 25.332 0.930 2002 7 23.896 1.066 0 0 23.861 1.031 24.343 0.870 2002 8 22.661 -0.078 0 0 22.670 -0.069 23.248 -0.133 2002 9 23.604 0.308 1 0 NaN NaN 24.579 0.640 2002 10 23.889 0.076 0 0 23.836 0.023 24.587 0.131 2002 11 25.424 0.759 0 0 25.339 0.673 25.937 0.629 2002 12 26.387 1.069 0 0 26.344 1.027 26.679 0.719 2003 1 27.511 1.638 0 0 27.510 1.637 27.910 1.394 2003 2 25.936 -0.213 0 0 25.920 -0.228 26.959 0.168 2003 3 27.044 1.081 0 0 27.011 1.048 27.530 0.924 2003 4 26.577 1.227 0 0 26.563 1.213 26.958 0.965 2003 5 25.438 1.052 0 0 25.427 1.041 26.023 0.994 2003 6 23.923 0.164 1 0 NaN NaN 24.257 -0.145 2003 7 22.260 -0.571 1 0 NaN NaN 23.706 0.233 2003 8 21.486 -1.253 1 0 NaN NaN 22.786 -0.595 2003 9 23.256 -0.041 1 0 NaN NaN 24.455 0.515 2003 10 23.285 -0.527 1 0 NaN NaN 24.430 -0.025 2003 11 25.312 0.647 1 0 NaN NaN 25.557 0.250 2003 12 26.760 1.442 1 0 NaN NaN 26.655 0.695 2004 1 26.456 0.582 1 0 NaN NaN 26.630 0.114 2004 2 27.650 1.502 1 0 NaN NaN 27.661 0.870 2004 3 27.468 1.505 1 0 NaN NaN 27.305 0.699 2004 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 26.654 0.661 2004 5 22.121 -2.266 1 0 NaN NaN 25.859 0.829 2004 6 25.074 1.314 1 0 NaN NaN 24.974 0.572 2004 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.268 0.795 2004 8 22.516 -0.223 1 0 NaN NaN 23.577 0.196 2004 9 23.335 0.039 0 2 23.207 -0.090 24.101 0.162 2004 10 23.989 0.176 0 0 23.915 0.102 24.686 0.231 2004 11 24.314 -0.351 0 0 24.269 -0.396 25.181 -0.126 2004 12 25.971 0.654 0 0 25.888 0.571 26.648 0.688 2005 1 27.218 1.344 0 0 27.099 1.225 27.654 1.138 2005 2 27.333 1.185 0 0 27.228 1.079 27.748 0.957 2005 3 26.602 0.638 0 0 26.510 0.547 27.210 0.604 2005 4 27.091 1.741 1 0 NaN NaN 26.568 0.575 2005 5 24.347 -0.039 1 0 NaN NaN 25.412 0.383 2005 6 23.364 -0.395 0 0 23.278 -0.481 24.261 -0.141 2005 7 22.525 -0.305 0 0 22.436 -0.394 23.129 -0.344 2005 8 22.285 -0.454 0 0 22.157 -0.582 22.921 -0.460 2005 9 24.431 1.135 0 0 24.303 1.006 24.879 0.940 2005 10 24.688 0.875 0 0 24.614 0.801 25.415 0.960 2005 11 25.851 1.186 0 0 25.806 1.141 26.393 1.085 2005 12 26.508 1.190 0 0 26.425 1.107 26.806 0.846 2006 1 26.573 0.700 0 0 26.455 0.581 26.953 0.437 2006 2 26.881 0.732 0 0 26.775 0.626 27.300 0.509 2006 3 27.619 1.655 0 0 27.527 1.564 27.938 1.333 2006 4 27.244 1.894 1 0 NaN NaN 27.126 1.133 2006 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.328 0.299 2006 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.577 0.175 2006 7 21.889 -0.941 0 0 21.800 -1.030 22.743 -0.730 2006 8 23.878 1.139 0 0 23.750 1.011 24.111 0.730 2006 9 24.113 0.817 0 0 23.985 0.688 24.662 0.723 2006 10 23.790 -0.022 0 0 23.717 -0.096 24.415 -0.040 2006 11 25.515 0.850 0 0 25.470 0.805 25.935 0.627 2006 12 25.255 -0.063 0 0 25.172 -0.145 25.922 -0.038 2007 1 26.588 0.714 0 0 26.469 0.596 27.055 0.539 2007 2 27.144 0.995 0 0 27.038 0.890 27.425 0.634 2007 3 26.467 0.504 0 0 26.376 0.413 26.908 0.302 2007 4 26.268 0.917 0 0 26.161 0.810 26.574 0.581 2007 5 25.244 0.858 0 0 25.134 0.748 25.551 0.522 2007 6 24.504 0.744 0 0 24.418 0.659 25.280 0.878 2007 7 24.128 1.298 0 0 24.039 1.208 24.637 1.164 2007 8 24.351 1.612 0 0 24.223 1.484 24.687 1.306 2007 9 24.426 1.129 0 0 24.297 1.001 25.241 1.302 2007 10 25.256 1.443 0 0 25.182 1.369 25.843 1.388 2007 11 25.627 0.962 0 0 25.582 0.917 26.273 0.965 2007 12 26.109 0.792 0 0 26.027 0.709 26.417 0.457 2008 1 26.017 0.143 0 0 25.898 0.024 26.367 -0.150 2008 2 26.438 0.290 0 0 26.333 0.184 26.975 0.184 2008 3 26.353 0.390 0 0 26.262 0.298 26.739 0.133 2008 4 25.617 0.266 0 0 25.509 0.159 26.138 0.145 2008 5 24.651 0.264 0 0 24.541 0.154 25.095 0.066 2008 6 24.315 0.555 0 0 24.229 0.469 24.971 0.569 2008 7 22.952 0.122 0 0 22.863 0.033 23.363 -0.110 2008 8 23.806 1.068 0 0 23.679 0.940 24.353 0.971 2008 9 23.885 0.588 0 0 23.756 0.459 24.629 0.690 2008 10 24.678 0.865 0 0 24.604 0.791 25.292 0.837 2008 11 25.222 0.557 0 0 25.177 0.512 26.078 0.770 2008 12 26.081 0.763 0 0 25.998 0.681 26.771 0.811 2009 1 26.317 0.443 0 0 26.198 0.325 26.841 0.325 2009 2 26.342 0.194 0 0 26.236 0.088 26.970 0.179 2009 3 26.129 0.166 0 0 26.038 0.074 26.942 0.336 2009 4 25.435 0.085 0 0 25.328 -0.023 26.086 0.093 2009 5 24.504 0.117 0 0 24.394 0.007 25.060 0.031 2009 6 23.257 -0.502 0 0 23.172 -0.588 23.900 -0.503 2009 7 23.416 0.586 0 0 23.327 0.496 23.794 0.321 2009 8 22.882 0.143 0 0 22.754 0.015 23.343 -0.038 2009 9 22.738 -0.559 0 0 22.609 -0.688 23.548 -0.391 2009 10 22.615 -1.198 0 0 22.541 -1.272 23.634 -0.821 2009 11 23.850 -0.815 0 0 23.805 -0.860 24.599 -0.709 2009 12 24.634 -0.683 0 0 24.552 -0.766 25.173 -0.787 2010 1 26.493 0.619 0 0 26.374 0.500 26.949 0.433 2010 2 26.799 0.650 0 0 26.693 0.545 27.196 0.405 2010 3 27.349 1.386 0 0 27.258 1.295 27.612 1.006 2010 4 26.004 0.653 0 0 25.897 0.546 26.593 0.600 2010 5 25.739 1.353 0 0 25.629 1.243 26.046 1.017 2010 6 24.407 0.648 0 0 24.322 0.562 25.373 0.971 2010 7 24.127 1.297 0 0 24.038 1.208 24.487 1.014 2010 8 23.928 1.190 0 0 23.801 1.062 24.503 1.121 2010 9 24.843 1.546 0 0 24.714 1.417 25.422 1.483 2010 10 24.941 1.128 0 0 24.867 1.054 25.409 0.953 2010 11 24.998 0.333 0 0 24.953 0.288 25.541 0.233 2010 12 25.991 0.674 0 0 25.908 0.591 26.367 0.407 2011 1 25.819 -0.055 0 0 25.700 -0.174 26.170 -0.346 2011 2 25.883 -0.266 0 0 25.777 -0.371 26.414 -0.377 2011 3 26.688 0.725 0 0 26.597 0.634 27.047 0.441 2011 4 26.244 0.894 0 0 26.137 0.787 26.702 0.709 2011 5 25.421 1.035 0 0 25.311 0.925 25.815 0.786 2011 6 24.144 0.385 0 0 24.059 0.299 25.204 0.802 2011 7 24.032 1.202 0 0 23.943 1.112 24.566 1.093 2011 8 23.767 1.028 0 0 23.639 0.901 24.168 0.786 2011 9 23.587 0.290 0 0 23.458 0.162 24.294 0.354 2011 10 25.247 1.435 0 0 25.174 1.361 25.708 1.252 2011 11 25.891 1.225 0 0 25.846 1.180 26.248 0.940 2011 12 26.269 0.951 0 0 26.186 0.869 26.657 0.697 2012 1 26.452 0.578 0 0 26.333 0.459 26.731 0.214 2012 2 25.835 -0.313 0 0 25.729 -0.419 26.356 -0.435 2012 3 26.471 0.508 0 0 26.380 0.417 26.868 0.262 2012 4 25.870 0.520 0 0 25.763 0.413 26.270 0.277 2012 5 24.529 0.142 0 0 24.419 0.032 24.890 -0.139 2012 6 23.695 -0.064 0 0 23.610 -0.150 24.428 0.026 2012 7 22.113 -0.717 0 0 22.024 -0.806 23.037 -0.436 2012 8 22.593 -0.145 0 0 22.466 -0.273 23.583 0.202 2012 9 24.260 0.963 0 0 24.131 0.835 24.833 0.894 2012 10 24.838 1.025 0 0 24.764 0.951 25.438 0.982 2012 11 25.287 0.622 0 0 25.242 0.577 26.023 0.715 2012 12 26.652 1.334 0 0 26.569 1.252 27.057 1.097 2013 1 26.354 0.480 0 0 26.235 0.361 26.818 0.302 2013 2 26.191 0.042 0 0 26.085 -0.063 26.865 0.074 2013 3 26.547 0.583 0 0 26.455 0.492 26.856 0.251 2013 4 25.785 0.435 0 0 25.678 0.328 26.283 0.290 2013 5 25.692 1.305 0 0 25.582 1.195 26.080 1.051 2013 6 24.672 0.913 0 0 24.586 0.827 25.426 1.024 2013 7 23.651 0.820 0 0 23.561 0.731 24.029 0.556 2013 8 23.771 1.032 0 0 23.643 0.904 24.183 0.802 2013 9 24.231 0.935 0 0 24.103 0.806 24.824 0.884 2013 10 24.176 0.363 0 0 24.102 0.289 24.835 0.379 2013 11 25.823 1.158 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN