% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 22764 % Primary Name: KOPANE % Record Type: TAVG % Country: South Africa % Latitude: -24.20556 +/- 0.00014 % Longitude: 29.01167 +/- 0.00014 % Elevation (m): 1102.22 +/- 5.27 % # of Months: 178 % % IDs: gsod - 682710-99999 % usaf - 682710 % wmo - 68271 % % Sources: Global Summary of the Day % World Meteorological Organization Metadata % % Site Hash: bbb0b06c6e81a8446eb93e03aad1582f % Raw Data Hash: 9bf38cb0ed9918aa0c5da6eae7a33ab1 % Adj Data Hash: a5bf046a8c94e2ec33d3d555ffdf192f % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1996 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.063 0.278 1997 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.433 0.103 1997 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.010 -0.015 1997 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.513 -0.260 1997 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.197 -0.882 1997 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.979 -0.767 1997 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.435 0.888 1997 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.228 0.613 1997 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.664 1.298 1997 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.863 0.853 1997 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.912 -0.484 1997 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.964 0.734 1997 12 27.532 4.391 1 0 NaN NaN 25.215 1.430 1998 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.994 0.664 1998 2 23.976 0.595 0 0 24.131 0.750 25.262 1.237 1998 3 24.435 2.306 0 0 24.490 2.361 25.630 2.857 1998 4 21.893 2.458 0 0 21.953 2.518 22.545 2.466 1998 5 17.180 1.078 0 0 17.407 1.304 18.252 1.505 1998 6 14.411 1.507 0 0 14.729 1.826 15.188 1.641 1998 7 15.064 2.094 0 0 15.174 2.204 15.281 1.667 1998 8 16.047 0.324 0 0 15.826 0.104 16.782 0.416 1998 9 21.046 1.680 0 0 20.740 1.374 20.926 0.916 1998 10 21.566 -0.186 0 0 21.461 -0.290 22.405 0.010 1998 11 22.436 -0.150 0 0 22.557 -0.029 23.200 -0.030 1998 12 22.746 -0.394 0 0 22.961 -0.180 23.013 -0.772 1999 1 24.343 0.657 1 0 NaN NaN 24.152 -0.178 1999 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.097 0.072 1999 3 22.791 0.662 0 0 22.846 0.717 23.695 0.922 1999 4 20.846 1.411 0 0 20.906 1.471 21.428 1.349 1999 5 17.473 1.371 0 0 17.700 1.597 18.530 1.784 1999 6 14.233 1.330 0 0 14.551 1.648 15.158 1.611 1999 7 14.559 1.589 0 0 14.669 1.698 15.422 1.807 1999 8 17.220 1.498 0 0 17.000 1.277 17.446 1.080 1999 9 21.073 1.707 1 0 NaN NaN 19.849 -0.161 1999 10 19.723 -2.029 1 0 NaN NaN 21.548 -0.847 1999 11 21.069 -1.517 1 0 NaN NaN 23.978 0.747 1999 12 23.128 -0.013 0 0 23.343 0.202 24.175 0.390 2000 1 22.184 -1.501 0 0 22.402 -1.284 22.890 -1.440 2000 2 23.991 0.610 1 0 NaN NaN 22.884 -1.140 2000 3 21.915 -0.214 0 0 21.970 -0.159 22.899 0.126 2000 4 17.972 -1.462 0 0 18.032 -1.402 19.209 -0.870 2000 5 14.033 -2.070 0 0 14.259 -1.843 15.681 -1.066 2000 6 13.375 0.472 0 0 13.694 0.790 14.710 1.162 2000 7 12.292 -0.678 0 0 12.402 -0.569 13.407 -0.208 2000 8 16.720 0.998 0 0 16.499 0.777 16.233 -0.133 2000 9 20.138 0.772 0 0 19.832 0.466 20.310 0.300 2000 10 21.785 0.033 0 0 21.680 -0.071 22.434 0.039 2000 11 21.443 -1.144 0 0 21.563 -1.023 22.627 -0.603 2000 12 23.179 0.039 0 0 23.394 0.253 24.150 0.365 2001 1 24.805 1.119 0 0 25.022 1.336 25.354 1.023 2001 2 22.577 -0.804 0 0 22.732 -0.648 23.420 -0.605 2001 3 22.222 0.093 0 0 22.277 0.148 22.491 -0.282 2001 4 20.297 0.862 0 0 20.357 0.922 20.941 0.862 2001 5 16.236 0.133 0 0 16.462 0.360 16.961 0.214 2001 6 13.891 0.988 0 0 14.210 1.306 14.372 0.824 2001 7 13.121 0.151 0 0 13.231 0.261 13.658 0.043 2001 8 18.564 2.842 0 0 18.344 2.621 18.515 2.148 2001 9 20.889 1.523 0 0 20.583 1.217 20.426 0.416 2001 10 21.962 0.211 0 0 21.858 0.106 22.990 0.594 2001 11 21.567 -1.019 0 0 21.688 -0.898 22.669 -0.561 2001 12 22.472 -0.669 0 0 22.687 -0.454 23.612 -0.173 2002 1 23.729 0.043 0 0 23.946 0.260 25.508 1.178 2002 2 23.124 -0.256 0 0 23.279 -0.101 24.853 0.828 2002 3 22.985 0.856 0 0 23.040 0.911 24.416 1.642 2002 4 20.773 1.338 0 0 20.833 1.398 21.767 1.688 2002 5 16.769 0.667 0 0 16.996 0.893 18.265 1.518 2002 6 12.854 -0.049 0 0 13.173 0.270 13.824 0.277 2002 7 14.398 1.427 1 0 NaN NaN 14.544 0.929 2002 8 18.456 2.734 1 0 NaN NaN 18.115 1.748 2002 9 19.611 0.245 0 0 19.305 -0.061 19.654 -0.356 2002 10 22.411 0.660 0 0 22.306 0.555 22.561 0.166 2002 11 23.116 0.529 1 0 NaN NaN 23.039 -0.191 2002 12 23.732 0.592 1 0 NaN NaN 24.513 0.728 2003 1 24.962 1.276 0 0 25.179 1.494 26.156 1.826 2003 2 25.590 2.210 0 0 25.745 2.365 25.974 1.949 2003 3 24.202 2.073 0 0 24.257 2.128 24.222 1.449 2003 4 22.648 3.214 0 0 22.708 3.274 22.423 2.345 2003 5 17.637 1.534 1 0 NaN NaN 18.158 1.411 2003 6 15.681 2.778 1 0 NaN NaN 14.369 0.821 2003 7 14.193 1.222 1 0 NaN NaN 14.022 0.407 2003 8 16.157 0.434 0 0 15.936 0.214 16.684 0.317 2003 9 21.778 2.412 1 0 NaN NaN 20.749 0.739 2003 10 23.552 1.800 0 0 23.447 1.696 23.605 1.209 2003 11 24.069 1.483 0 0 24.190 1.604 24.464 1.234 2003 12 26.513 3.372 1 0 NaN NaN 25.635 1.850 2004 1 23.655 -0.031 0 0 23.872 0.186 24.992 0.662 2004 2 22.935 -0.446 0 0 23.090 -0.291 23.692 -0.333 2004 3 21.335 -0.794 0 0 21.390 -0.739 21.994 -0.780 2004 4 19.611 0.176 0 0 19.671 0.236 20.352 0.273 2004 5 15.785 -0.317 0 0 16.012 -0.090 16.812 0.065 2004 6 12.504 -0.399 0 0 12.823 -0.080 13.595 0.048 2004 7 12.444 -0.526 0 0 12.554 -0.416 13.542 -0.072 2004 8 16.387 0.665 1 0 NaN NaN 17.420 1.053 2004 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.446 -0.564 2004 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.687 0.291 2004 11 25.403 2.816 1 0 NaN NaN 25.802 2.572 2004 12 23.228 0.087 0 0 23.443 0.302 24.396 0.611 2005 1 24.366 0.680 0 0 24.583 0.898 25.526 1.196 2005 2 24.453 1.073 0 4 23.953 0.573 25.273 1.248 2005 3 22.218 0.089 0 0 21.805 -0.324 23.313 0.540 2005 4 20.159 0.725 0 0 19.742 0.307 20.577 0.498 2005 5 18.257 2.154 0 0 17.695 1.592 18.484 1.738 2005 6 16.188 3.285 0 0 15.547 2.643 16.142 2.594 2005 7 16.229 3.259 1 0 NaN NaN 14.722 1.107 2005 8 19.458 3.736 0 0 19.284 3.562 19.110 2.744 2005 9 22.861 3.495 0 0 22.761 3.395 22.391 2.381 2005 10 24.346 2.595 0 0 24.071 2.320 24.163 1.768 2005 11 23.927 1.340 0 0 23.456 0.870 24.376 1.146 2005 12 23.139 -0.002 0 0 22.587 -0.553 22.561 -1.224 2006 1 23.413 -0.272 1 0 NaN NaN 24.036 -0.294 2006 2 23.778 0.397 0 0 23.278 -0.103 23.783 -0.242 2006 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.231 -1.542 2006 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.489 -0.590 2006 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.545 -1.202 2006 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 13.680 0.133 2006 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.921 1.306 2006 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.955 -0.412 2006 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.615 -0.395 2006 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.010 1.615 2006 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.039 -0.192 2006 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.404 1.619 2007 1 25.598 1.912 1 0 NaN NaN 24.359 0.029 2007 2 25.594 2.214 0 0 25.094 1.714 25.676 1.652 2007 3 24.401 2.272 0 0 23.988 1.859 24.414 1.641 2007 4 20.503 1.068 0 0 20.085 0.650 20.438 0.359 2007 5 16.214 0.111 0 0 15.652 -0.451 16.550 -0.197 2007 6 14.305 1.401 0 0 13.663 0.760 14.252 0.704 2007 7 13.454 0.484 1 0 NaN NaN 13.348 -0.266 2007 8 17.998 2.276 1 0 NaN NaN 16.513 0.147 2007 9 23.032 3.666 1 0 NaN NaN 21.767 1.757 2007 10 21.331 -0.421 0 0 21.056 -0.696 20.920 -1.475 2007 11 22.959 0.373 0 0 22.489 -0.098 22.771 -0.459 2007 12 21.813 -1.327 0 0 21.262 -1.879 21.697 -2.088 2008 1 22.966 -0.720 0 0 22.412 -1.274 22.926 -1.404 2008 2 23.616 0.236 0 0 23.116 -0.264 24.022 -0.003 2008 3 21.846 -0.283 1 0 NaN NaN 22.411 -0.362 2008 4 18.506 -0.928 0 0 18.089 -1.346 19.213 -0.866 2008 5 17.343 1.240 0 0 16.781 0.678 17.891 1.145 2008 6 15.210 2.306 1 0 NaN NaN 14.824 1.277 2008 7 14.856 1.886 1 0 NaN NaN 14.717 1.102 2008 8 18.738 3.015 1 0 NaN NaN 17.701 1.335 2008 9 20.733 1.367 0 0 20.632 1.267 20.700 0.690 2008 10 24.439 2.688 1 0 NaN NaN 24.016 1.620 2008 11 24.127 1.541 1 0 NaN NaN 23.566 0.335 2008 12 25.276 2.135 1 0 NaN NaN 24.403 0.618 2009 1 24.778 1.092 1 0 NaN NaN 24.396 0.066 2009 2 22.725 -0.655 0 0 22.225 -1.155 23.319 -0.706 2009 3 21.764 -0.365 1 0 NaN NaN 21.702 -1.071 2009 4 20.078 0.644 1 0 NaN NaN 19.731 -0.348 2009 5 17.392 1.290 1 0 NaN NaN 17.325 0.579 2009 6 14.197 1.294 0 0 13.555 0.652 14.864 1.317 2009 7 12.070 -0.900 0 0 11.609 -1.361 12.760 -0.855 2009 8 17.321 1.599 1 0 NaN NaN 16.382 0.015 2009 9 21.646 2.281 0 0 21.546 2.180 21.346 1.336 2009 10 23.008 1.256 0 0 22.733 0.981 23.173 0.777 2009 11 22.010 -0.576 0 0 21.540 -1.047 22.572 -0.659 2009 12 23.952 0.811 0 0 23.400 0.260 24.673 0.888 2010 1 23.918 0.232 0 0 23.364 -0.322 24.667 0.337 2010 2 24.538 1.157 0 0 24.038 0.657 24.900 0.875 2010 3 24.364 2.235 1 0 NaN NaN 24.055 1.282 2010 4 19.386 -0.048 0 4 19.622 0.187 20.241 0.162 2010 5 17.111 1.009 0 0 17.202 1.099 18.431 1.684 2010 6 12.648 -0.256 0 0 12.659 -0.245 13.348 -0.200 2010 7 13.516 0.546 0 0 13.708 0.738 14.354 0.739 2010 8 16.050 0.327 0 0 16.528 0.806 16.544 0.177 2010 9 21.415 2.049 0 0 21.967 2.602 21.233 1.224 2010 10 24.549 2.798 0 0 24.927 3.176 24.433 2.038 2010 11 23.415 0.829 0 0 23.598 1.012 23.336 0.106 2010 12 22.809 -0.332 0 0 22.910 -0.231 23.870 0.085 2011 1 22.617 -1.069 0 0 22.716 -0.970 23.290 -1.040 2011 2 22.968 -0.413 0 0 23.121 -0.260 23.428 -0.597 2011 3 23.479 1.351 0 0 23.719 1.590 24.596 1.823 2011 4 18.731 -0.703 0 0 18.967 -0.468 20.119 0.040 2011 5 16.263 0.160 0 0 16.354 0.251 17.818 1.071 2011 6 12.084 -0.819 0 0 12.095 -0.808 13.762 0.215 2011 7 11.650 -1.320 0 0 11.843 -1.128 12.959 -0.656 2011 8 15.325 -0.397 0 0 15.803 0.081 15.681 -0.686 2011 9 20.733 1.368 0 0 21.286 1.920 21.140 1.130 2011 10 21.860 0.109 0 0 22.238 0.487 22.722 0.327 2011 11 23.256 0.670 0 0 23.439 0.852 24.284 1.053 2011 12 22.598 -0.543 0 0 22.699 -0.441 23.284 -0.501 2012 1 26.401 2.715 1 0 NaN NaN 24.761 0.431 2012 2 24.356 0.976 0 0 24.509 1.128 25.752 1.727 2012 3 22.734 0.605 0 0 22.974 0.845 24.330 1.557 2012 4 19.000 -0.435 0 0 19.235 -0.199 19.908 -0.171 2012 5 17.464 1.362 0 0 17.555 1.453 18.283 1.537 2012 6 13.793 0.890 0 0 13.804 0.901 14.636 1.088 2012 7 13.815 0.844 0 0 14.007 1.037 14.932 1.317 2012 8 16.904 1.182 0 0 17.383 1.660 17.991 1.624 2012 9 19.034 -0.331 0 0 19.587 0.221 20.434 0.424 2012 10 21.274 -0.478 0 0 21.652 -0.100 22.397 0.001 2012 11 22.442 -0.144 0 0 22.625 0.039 23.496 0.265 2012 12 22.957 -0.184 0 0 23.058 -0.083 23.949 0.164 2013 1 23.758 0.072 0 0 23.857 0.171 24.060 -0.270 2013 2 23.880 0.500 0 0 24.033 0.652 24.388 0.363 2013 3 21.700 -0.428 0 0 21.940 -0.189 22.845 0.072 2013 4 18.942 -0.492 0 0 19.178 -0.257 19.615 -0.464 2013 5 15.556 -0.547 0 0 15.646 -0.456 16.900 0.153 2013 6 13.831 0.928 0 0 13.842 0.939 14.942 1.395 2013 7 14.013 1.043 0 0 14.206 1.235 14.856 1.241 2013 8 16.933 1.210 0 0 17.411 1.689 17.070 0.704 2013 9 22.421 3.055 0 0 22.973 3.607 21.953 1.943 2013 10 22.048 0.297 0 0 22.426 0.675 22.299 -0.097 2013 11 24.626 2.039 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN