% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 171026 % Primary Name: MAKAPULAPAI HAWAII % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United States % State: HI % Latitude: 21.20330 +/- 0.00005 % Longitude: -156.96610 +/- 0.00005 % Elevation (m): 22.90 +/- 0.50 % # of Months: 240 % % IDs: ghcnd - USR0000HMAK % % Sources: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % % Site Hash: 22ec4a16f7c3e4afd87ac5835502fbae % Raw Data Hash: f3a47d52f4789f89789408d61b8fb460 % Adj Data Hash: fa76e385e8dc694927a121d7935f6d88 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1992 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.517 0.549 1992 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.922 0.584 1992 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.153 0.691 1992 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.564 1.000 1992 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.914 0.706 1992 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.668 0.961 1992 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.848 1.034 1992 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.345 1.004 1992 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.300 0.801 1992 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.547 1.468 1993 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.005 -0.213 1993 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.420 -0.420 1993 3 23.233 1.163 1 0 NaN NaN 21.232 0.265 1993 4 23.852 1.412 1 0 NaN NaN 22.444 1.106 1993 5 23.830 0.265 0 0 24.097 0.532 22.740 0.278 1993 6 25.242 0.575 0 0 25.466 0.799 24.248 0.684 1993 7 25.624 0.313 0 0 25.708 0.398 24.647 0.439 1993 8 25.700 -0.109 1 0 NaN NaN 25.369 0.662 1993 9 25.709 -0.208 0 0 25.903 -0.013 25.433 0.620 1993 10 25.347 -0.096 0 0 25.501 0.058 24.854 0.513 1993 11 23.653 -0.950 0 0 23.675 -0.927 23.517 0.017 1993 12 22.900 -0.281 0 0 22.960 -0.222 22.365 0.286 1994 1 21.290 -1.030 0 0 21.517 -0.803 20.860 -0.358 1994 2 22.448 0.505 1 0 NaN NaN 21.635 0.794 1994 3 21.855 -0.215 0 0 22.012 -0.058 21.290 0.322 1994 4 23.127 0.687 0 0 23.296 0.856 21.751 0.413 1994 5 24.272 0.708 0 0 24.539 0.975 23.056 0.594 1994 6 25.167 0.501 0 0 25.392 0.725 23.943 0.379 1994 7 26.023 0.712 1 0 NaN NaN 25.139 0.930 1994 8 26.834 1.024 0 0 26.923 1.114 25.797 1.090 1994 9 27.063 1.147 0 0 27.258 1.341 25.950 1.136 1994 10 26.142 0.699 0 0 26.296 0.853 25.315 0.974 1994 11 24.790 0.187 1 0 NaN NaN 24.357 0.857 1994 12 22.882 -0.299 0 0 22.942 -0.240 22.368 0.289 1995 1 22.526 0.205 1 0 NaN NaN 21.481 0.263 1995 2 22.266 0.323 0 0 22.522 0.579 21.121 0.280 1995 3 22.945 0.875 0 0 23.103 1.032 21.858 0.891 1995 4 22.841 0.401 0 0 23.010 0.570 21.780 0.442 1995 5 23.765 0.200 0 0 24.032 0.467 22.638 0.176 1995 6 25.260 0.593 1 0 NaN NaN 24.116 0.552 1995 7 26.106 0.795 0 0 26.191 0.880 24.767 0.559 1995 8 26.025 0.215 0 0 26.115 0.305 25.120 0.413 1995 9 26.371 0.454 0 0 26.565 0.648 25.325 0.511 1995 10 25.918 0.475 1 0 NaN NaN 25.100 0.760 1995 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.755 1.255 1995 12 24.789 1.607 0 0 24.848 1.667 23.660 1.581 1996 1 23.469 1.149 0 0 23.696 1.376 22.534 1.316 1996 2 22.002 0.059 1 0 NaN NaN 21.000 0.160 1996 3 22.366 0.296 0 0 22.524 0.454 20.797 -0.171 1996 4 24.166 1.725 1 0 NaN NaN 22.733 1.395 1996 5 24.469 0.905 0 0 24.737 1.172 23.428 0.966 1996 6 25.974 1.307 0 0 26.199 1.532 24.732 1.167 1996 7 26.356 1.045 0 0 26.441 1.130 25.342 1.133 1996 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.641 0.934 1996 9 26.774 0.858 0 0 26.968 1.052 25.682 0.868 1996 10 26.759 1.316 0 0 26.914 1.471 25.823 1.482 1996 11 24.619 0.017 0 0 24.642 0.039 24.372 0.872 1996 12 22.645 -0.536 0 0 22.705 -0.477 22.219 0.140 1997 1 22.474 0.154 0 0 22.701 0.381 21.482 0.264 1997 2 23.461 1.518 0 0 23.717 1.774 22.075 1.234 1997 3 23.334 1.264 0 0 23.492 1.422 22.131 1.164 1997 4 23.528 1.088 1 0 NaN NaN 22.230 0.892 1997 5 23.150 -0.415 1 0 NaN NaN 22.422 -0.040 1997 6 25.235 0.568 1 0 NaN NaN 24.457 0.892 1997 7 25.994 0.684 1 0 NaN NaN 24.808 0.599 1997 8 27.011 1.201 0 0 27.100 1.291 25.477 0.770 1997 9 26.800 0.884 1 0 NaN NaN 25.828 1.014 1997 10 26.430 0.987 0 0 26.585 1.142 25.373 1.033 1997 11 23.872 -0.731 0 0 23.894 -0.708 23.554 0.054 1997 12 22.645 -0.536 0 0 22.705 -0.477 21.930 -0.149 1998 1 22.277 -0.043 0 0 22.504 0.184 21.284 0.066 1998 2 22.455 0.512 0 0 22.712 0.769 21.051 0.211 1998 3 23.459 1.388 1 0 NaN NaN 21.763 0.795 1998 4 23.044 0.604 1 0 NaN NaN 21.442 0.104 1998 5 23.244 -0.321 0 0 23.511 -0.054 21.982 -0.480 1998 6 24.227 -0.440 0 0 24.451 -0.216 23.177 -0.387 1998 7 25.098 -0.213 0 0 25.182 -0.128 24.046 -0.163 1998 8 26.057 0.248 0 0 26.147 0.337 25.074 0.366 1998 9 25.350 -0.566 1 0 NaN NaN 24.878 0.065 1998 10 25.379 -0.064 0 0 25.534 0.091 24.580 0.240 1998 11 24.377 -0.226 0 0 24.399 -0.203 23.985 0.485 1998 12 22.948 -0.233 0 0 23.008 -0.174 22.372 0.293 1999 1 22.566 0.245 0 0 22.793 0.472 21.616 0.398 1999 2 22.176 0.233 1 0 NaN NaN 21.235 0.395 1999 3 22.724 0.654 0 4 22.659 0.589 21.368 0.400 1999 4 23.260 0.820 0 0 23.190 0.750 21.574 0.236 1999 5 24.358 0.794 1 0 NaN NaN 22.907 0.445 1999 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.654 0.090 1999 7 24.832 -0.479 0 0 24.797 -0.514 24.038 -0.170 1999 8 25.439 -0.371 1 0 NaN NaN 24.730 0.023 1999 9 25.588 -0.329 1 0 NaN NaN 24.806 -0.008 1999 10 25.342 -0.101 0 0 25.278 -0.165 24.380 0.039 1999 11 24.675 0.073 0 0 24.666 0.064 23.775 0.275 1999 12 22.861 -0.320 1 0 NaN NaN 22.435 0.356 2000 1 21.574 -0.747 0 0 21.480 -0.841 20.989 -0.229 2000 2 22.669 0.726 0 0 22.563 0.620 21.595 0.755 2000 3 23.545 1.475 0 0 23.480 1.410 21.988 1.020 2000 4 23.027 0.587 0 0 22.957 0.517 21.342 0.004 2000 5 25.108 1.544 0 0 24.998 1.433 22.987 0.525 2000 6 25.516 0.850 0 0 25.424 0.757 24.240 0.676 2000 7 25.985 0.674 0 0 25.949 0.639 24.836 0.628 2000 8 25.801 -0.009 0 0 25.764 -0.046 25.255 0.548 2000 9 25.784 -0.132 0 0 25.704 -0.212 25.103 0.289 2000 10 26.063 0.620 0 0 25.999 0.556 25.203 0.862 2000 11 24.780 0.178 0 0 24.771 0.169 24.254 0.754 2000 12 23.696 0.515 0 0 23.672 0.490 22.759 0.680 2001 1 23.717 1.396 1 0 NaN NaN 22.521 1.303 2001 2 23.068 1.125 1 0 NaN NaN 21.635 0.794 2001 3 23.165 1.095 0 0 23.099 1.029 21.623 0.656 2001 4 23.402 0.962 0 0 23.332 0.892 21.903 0.565 2001 5 24.117 0.552 1 0 NaN NaN 22.733 0.271 2001 6 25.310 0.643 0 0 25.217 0.550 23.926 0.362 2001 7 25.975 0.665 1 0 NaN NaN 24.869 0.661 2001 8 26.184 0.374 0 0 26.147 0.337 25.543 0.835 2001 9 26.408 0.492 0 0 26.328 0.411 25.530 0.716 2001 10 25.253 -0.190 0 0 25.189 -0.254 24.820 0.480 2001 11 24.496 -0.106 0 0 24.487 -0.116 24.252 0.753 2001 12 23.764 0.583 0 0 23.740 0.558 23.092 1.013 2002 1 22.987 0.667 0 0 22.893 0.573 21.945 0.727 2002 2 22.138 0.195 0 0 22.032 0.089 20.763 -0.077 2002 3 22.619 0.549 0 0 22.554 0.484 21.341 0.374 2002 4 23.682 1.242 0 0 23.612 1.172 22.273 0.935 2002 5 24.124 0.560 0 0 24.014 0.449 23.352 0.890 2002 6 25.739 1.072 0 0 25.646 0.980 24.475 0.911 2002 7 25.861 0.551 0 0 25.826 0.516 24.697 0.488 2002 8 26.607 0.797 1 0 NaN NaN 25.627 0.919 2002 9 26.547 0.630 0 0 26.466 0.550 25.344 0.530 2002 10 25.983 0.539 1 0 NaN NaN 25.089 0.748 2002 11 24.535 -0.067 0 0 24.526 -0.077 24.060 0.560 2002 12 23.834 0.653 0 0 23.810 0.628 22.786 0.707 2003 1 22.634 0.313 0 0 22.540 0.219 21.546 0.328 2003 2 22.663 0.720 0 0 22.557 0.614 21.240 0.399 2003 3 23.555 1.485 0 0 23.490 1.420 22.160 1.193 2003 4 23.850 1.410 1 0 NaN NaN 22.220 0.882 2003 5 25.293 1.728 1 0 NaN NaN 23.372 0.910 2003 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.285 0.721 2003 7 26.700 1.389 0 0 26.665 1.354 25.154 0.945 2003 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.713 1.006 2003 9 26.876 0.960 0 0 26.796 0.880 25.654 0.840 2003 10 26.666 1.223 0 0 26.602 1.159 25.616 1.275 2003 11 24.968 0.366 0 0 24.959 0.357 24.340 0.840 2003 12 23.522 0.341 0 0 23.498 0.316 22.850 0.771 2004 1 23.039 0.718 0 0 22.945 0.624 21.980 0.762 2004 2 23.903 1.960 0 0 23.797 1.855 22.532 1.691 2004 3 22.619 0.549 0 0 22.554 0.484 21.457 0.489 2004 4 23.910 1.470 0 0 23.840 1.400 22.030 0.692 2004 5 27.798 4.234 1 0 NaN NaN 23.457 0.995 2004 6 29.513 4.846 1 0 NaN NaN 24.496 0.931 2004 7 27.265 1.954 1 0 NaN NaN 25.227 1.019 2004 8 27.825 2.016 0 0 27.788 1.979 25.934 1.227 2004 9 27.961 2.045 0 0 27.881 1.965 26.023 1.209 2004 10 27.176 1.732 1 0 NaN NaN 25.340 1.000 2004 11 25.440 0.838 1 0 NaN NaN 24.447 0.947 2004 12 24.396 1.215 0 0 24.372 1.190 22.923 0.844 2005 1 23.770 1.449 0 0 23.676 1.355 22.138 0.919 2005 2 23.390 1.447 1 0 NaN NaN 21.446 0.606 2005 3 23.118 1.048 0 0 23.053 0.983 21.116 0.148 2005 4 24.666 2.225 1 0 NaN NaN 22.175 0.837 2005 5 26.430 2.865 1 0 NaN NaN 23.790 1.328 2005 6 26.912 2.245 0 0 26.820 2.153 24.500 0.936 2005 7 28.190 2.880 0 0 28.155 2.845 25.010 0.802 2005 8 29.068 3.258 1 0 NaN NaN 25.323 0.615 2005 9 34.027 8.111 1 0 NaN NaN 25.763 0.949 2005 10 50.692 25.249 1 0 NaN NaN 24.734 0.393 2005 11 33.408 8.805 1 0 NaN NaN 24.293 0.793 2005 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.892 0.813 2006 1 23.774 1.453 1 0 NaN NaN 22.559 1.340 2006 2 22.332 0.389 0 0 22.226 0.283 20.937 0.096 2006 3 23.392 1.322 0 0 23.327 1.257 21.934 0.966 2006 4 23.285 0.845 0 0 23.215 0.775 21.414 0.077 2006 5 23.904 0.339 0 0 23.793 0.229 21.997 -0.465 2006 6 26.328 1.662 1 0 NaN NaN 24.138 0.573 2006 7 26.556 1.245 1 0 NaN NaN 24.674 0.466 2006 8 27.003 1.193 0 0 26.966 1.156 25.402 0.695 2006 9 26.987 1.070 0 0 26.906 0.990 25.258 0.444 2006 10 26.195 0.752 0 0 26.131 0.688 25.098 0.758 2006 11 25.267 0.664 0 0 25.257 0.655 24.681 1.181 2006 12 24.160 0.979 0 0 24.136 0.954 23.036 0.957 2007 1 23.691 1.371 0 0 23.597 1.277 22.420 1.202 2007 2 23.064 1.121 0 0 22.958 1.016 21.245 0.405 2007 3 23.453 1.383 0 0 23.388 1.318 22.095 1.127 2007 4 23.799 1.359 0 0 23.729 1.289 21.830 0.492 2007 5 24.874 1.310 1 0 NaN NaN 23.202 0.740 2007 6 25.844 1.177 0 0 25.751 1.084 24.243 0.679 2007 7 26.004 0.693 1 0 NaN NaN 24.929 0.720 2007 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.319 0.612 2007 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 25.319 0.505 2007 10 25.548 0.105 0 0 25.484 0.041 24.841 0.500 2007 11 24.428 -0.175 0 0 24.418 -0.184 24.096 0.596 2007 12 23.708 0.527 0 0 23.684 0.502 22.871 0.792 2008 1 22.169 -0.152 0 0 22.075 -0.246 21.165 -0.053 2008 2 22.776 0.833 0 0 22.670 0.727 21.344 0.504 2008 3 23.589 1.519 0 0 23.523 1.453 22.113 1.146 2008 4 23.305 0.864 0 0 23.235 0.795 21.934 0.596 2008 5 24.146 0.581 1 0 NaN NaN 23.083 0.621 2008 6 25.100 0.433 1 0 NaN NaN 23.944 0.379 2008 7 25.863 0.552 0 0 25.828 0.517 24.721 0.513 2008 8 25.773 -0.036 0 0 25.737 -0.073 24.952 0.244 2008 9 25.928 0.012 0 0 25.848 -0.068 24.814 0.000 2008 10 25.194 -0.249 1 0 NaN NaN 24.602 0.261 2008 11 23.955 -0.647 0 0 23.945 -0.657 23.926 0.426 2008 12 23.637 0.455 0 0 23.612 0.431 22.821 0.742 2009 1 21.783 -0.537 1 0 NaN NaN 21.231 0.013 2009 2 21.561 -0.382 0 0 21.455 -0.488 20.545 -0.296 2009 3 21.521 -0.549 0 0 21.456 -0.615 20.425 -0.543 2009 4 21.945 -0.495 0 0 21.875 -0.565 20.715 -0.623 2009 5 23.725 0.160 1 0 NaN NaN 22.922 0.460 2009 6 25.668 1.002 0 0 25.576 0.909 24.430 0.866 2009 7 25.969 0.659 0 0 25.934 0.624 24.820 0.611 2009 8 26.534 0.724 0 0 26.497 0.687 25.482 0.775 2009 9 26.480 0.563 1 0 NaN NaN 25.457 0.644 2009 10 26.153 0.710 0 0 26.089 0.646 25.604 1.263 2009 11 24.735 0.133 0 0 24.726 0.124 24.355 0.855 2009 12 23.058 -0.124 0 0 23.033 -0.148 22.504 0.425 2010 1 23.332 1.012 0 0 23.238 0.918 22.244 1.026 2010 2 22.345 0.402 0 0 22.239 0.296 21.092 0.252 2010 3 22.823 0.753 0 0 22.757 0.687 21.330 0.362 2010 4 22.814 0.373 0 0 22.744 0.304 21.612 0.274 2010 5 24.623 1.058 0 0 24.512 0.948 23.136 0.674 2010 6 25.284 0.617 1 0 NaN NaN 23.984 0.419 2010 7 25.676 0.365 1 0 NaN NaN 24.111 -0.098 2010 8 25.857 0.048 0 0 25.820 0.011 24.713 0.005 2010 9 26.350 0.434 1 0 NaN NaN 24.774 -0.040 2010 10 25.877 0.434 0 0 25.814 0.370 24.723 0.382 2010 11 24.390 -0.212 0 0 24.381 -0.222 23.939 0.439 2010 12 23.876 0.694 0 0 23.851 0.670 23.023 0.944 2011 1 23.312 0.991 0 0 23.218 0.897 21.732 0.514 2011 2 23.514 1.571 0 0 23.408 1.466 22.083 1.242 2011 3 23.755 1.685 0 0 23.690 1.620 22.219 1.252 2011 4 23.824 1.383 0 0 23.754 1.313 22.461 1.123 2011 5 24.890 1.325 0 0 24.779 1.215 23.278 0.816 2011 6 24.779 0.113 1 0 NaN NaN 23.739 0.174 2011 7 24.983 -0.328 1 0 NaN NaN 24.106 -0.103 2011 8 24.456 -1.354 0 0 24.419 -1.391 24.723 0.016 2011 9 25.968 0.052 0 0 25.888 -0.028 24.720 -0.093 2011 10 25.383 -0.060 1 0 NaN NaN 24.497 0.156 2011 11 24.500 -0.102 0 0 24.491 -0.111 23.819 0.320 2011 12 23.302 0.120 0 0 23.277 0.096 22.564 0.485 2012 1 23.637 1.317 0 0 23.543 1.223 22.404 1.186 2012 2 23.238 1.295 0 0 23.132 1.189 21.587 0.746 2012 3 22.932 0.862 1 0 NaN NaN 21.281 0.313 2012 4 23.264 0.824 0 0 23.194 0.754 21.686 0.348 2012 5 24.157 0.593 1 0 NaN NaN 22.639 0.177 2012 6 24.639 -0.028 1 0 NaN NaN 23.377 -0.188 2012 7 24.974 -0.336 0 0 24.939 -0.371 23.835 -0.373 2012 8 25.794 -0.015 0 0 25.757 -0.052 24.667 -0.040 2012 9 25.237 -0.679 0 0 25.157 -0.759 24.450 -0.364 2012 10 25.360 -0.083 1 0 NaN NaN 24.803 0.462 2012 11 24.385 -0.217 0 0 24.376 -0.227 23.801 0.301 2012 12 23.626 0.445 0 0 23.601 0.420 22.836 0.757 2013 1 22.168 -0.153 0 0 22.074 -0.247 21.625 0.407 2013 2 22.428 0.485 1 0 NaN NaN 21.152 0.312 2013 3 21.610 -0.460 0 0 21.545 -0.525 20.789 -0.178 2013 4 23.485 1.044 0 0 23.415 0.974 21.987 0.649 2013 5 24.930 1.366 1 0 NaN NaN 23.066 0.604 2013 6 24.553 -0.114 1 0 NaN NaN 24.002 0.437 2013 7 25.952 0.641 0 0 25.917 0.606 24.599 0.390 2013 8 25.980 0.171 0 0 25.944 0.134 25.075 0.368 2013 9 26.641 0.725 0 0 26.561 0.644 25.434 0.620 2013 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.917 0.576 2013 11 25.925 1.323 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN