% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 16895 % Primary Name: MANIHIKI ISLAND % Record Type: TAVG % Country: Kiribati % Latitude: -10.43000 +/- 0.00500 % Longitude: -161.02000 +/- 0.00500 % Elevation (m): 2.00 +/- 0.50 % # of Months: 150 % % IDs: ca - 311 % % Sources: Colonial Archive % % Site Hash: 932b673521da4315bac620729a0bac51 % Raw Data Hash: e6cb25c1ecc6e9be7ee3ac7632c7b968 % Adj Data Hash: 7c3a6682f56abeaf06dd660aa78d1328 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1937 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.498 -0.371 1937 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.637 -0.420 1937 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.642 -0.670 1937 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.088 -0.212 1937 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.950 -0.404 1937 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.873 -0.066 1937 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.878 0.237 1937 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.466 -0.047 1937 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.765 0.131 1937 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.525 -0.048 1937 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.096 0.230 1937 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.760 -0.009 1938 1 27.800 -0.010 0 0 28.148 0.338 28.044 0.176 1938 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.779 -0.279 1938 3 27.350 -0.903 0 0 27.907 -0.346 27.977 -0.335 1938 4 27.600 -0.642 0 0 28.177 -0.065 27.977 -0.322 1938 5 27.400 -0.896 0 0 27.888 -0.408 27.935 -0.418 1938 6 27.200 -0.681 0 0 27.542 -0.339 27.740 -0.199 1938 7 26.750 -0.834 0 0 27.050 -0.534 27.472 -0.170 1938 8 26.550 -0.905 0 0 26.959 -0.496 27.044 -0.469 1938 9 26.700 -0.877 0 0 27.198 -0.378 27.284 -0.350 1938 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.441 -0.132 1938 11 27.100 -0.708 0 0 27.379 -0.429 27.379 -0.487 1938 12 26.750 -0.961 0 0 27.000 -0.711 27.284 -0.485 1939 1 26.500 -1.310 0 0 26.848 -0.962 27.098 -0.770 1939 2 27.100 -0.899 0 0 27.571 -0.428 27.861 -0.196 1939 3 27.100 -1.153 0 0 27.657 -0.596 27.880 -0.432 1939 4 27.350 -0.892 0 0 27.927 -0.315 27.844 -0.456 1939 5 27.550 -0.746 0 0 28.038 -0.258 28.239 -0.115 1939 6 27.250 -0.631 0 0 27.592 -0.289 27.749 -0.190 1939 7 26.700 -0.884 0 0 27.000 -0.584 27.428 -0.214 1939 8 26.850 -0.605 0 0 27.259 -0.196 27.503 -0.010 1939 9 27.200 -0.377 0 0 27.698 0.122 27.874 0.240 1939 10 27.250 -0.265 0 0 27.672 0.157 27.629 0.056 1939 11 27.750 -0.058 0 0 28.029 0.221 28.393 0.526 1939 12 28.250 0.539 0 0 28.500 0.789 28.528 0.759 1940 1 28.150 0.340 0 0 28.498 0.688 28.533 0.664 1940 2 27.850 -0.149 0 0 28.321 0.322 28.323 0.266 1940 3 28.150 -0.103 0 0 28.707 0.454 28.794 0.482 1940 4 28.500 0.258 0 0 29.077 0.835 29.061 0.761 1940 5 28.550 0.254 0 0 29.038 0.742 29.007 0.653 1940 6 27.650 -0.231 0 0 27.992 0.111 28.116 0.177 1940 7 27.450 -0.134 0 0 27.750 0.166 27.633 -0.009 1940 8 27.500 0.045 0 0 27.909 0.454 27.848 0.335 1940 9 27.500 -0.077 0 0 27.998 0.422 27.873 0.238 1940 10 27.750 0.235 0 0 28.172 0.657 28.155 0.582 1940 11 27.700 -0.108 0 0 27.979 0.171 28.341 0.475 1940 12 28.350 0.639 0 0 28.600 0.889 28.600 0.832 1941 1 28.250 0.440 0 0 28.598 0.788 28.694 0.826 1941 2 28.250 0.251 0 0 28.721 0.722 28.785 0.728 1941 3 28.700 0.447 0 0 29.257 1.004 29.229 0.918 1941 4 28.550 0.308 0 0 29.127 0.885 29.009 0.709 1941 5 28.100 -0.196 0 0 28.588 0.292 28.790 0.436 1941 6 27.600 -0.281 0 0 27.942 0.061 28.105 0.166 1941 7 26.800 -0.784 0 0 27.100 -0.484 27.369 -0.273 1941 8 27.350 -0.105 0 0 27.759 0.304 27.771 0.258 1941 9 27.450 -0.127 0 0 27.948 0.372 27.959 0.324 1941 10 27.550 0.035 0 0 27.972 0.457 27.787 0.214 1941 11 28.150 0.342 0 0 28.429 0.621 28.558 0.691 1941 12 28.200 0.489 0 0 28.450 0.739 28.624 0.855 1942 1 28.050 0.240 0 0 28.398 0.588 28.385 0.516 1942 2 27.950 -0.049 0 0 28.421 0.422 28.415 0.358 1942 3 28.200 -0.053 0 0 28.757 0.504 28.734 0.423 1942 4 28.350 0.108 0 0 28.927 0.685 28.708 0.408 1942 5 28.200 -0.096 0 0 28.688 0.392 28.635 0.281 1942 6 28.000 0.119 0 0 28.342 0.461 28.316 0.377 1942 7 27.200 -0.384 0 0 27.500 -0.084 27.523 -0.119 1942 8 26.900 -0.555 0 0 27.309 -0.146 27.242 -0.271 1942 9 27.100 -0.477 0 0 27.598 0.022 27.470 -0.165 1942 10 27.550 0.035 0 0 27.972 0.457 27.651 0.078 1942 11 27.550 -0.258 0 4 27.384 -0.424 27.512 -0.354 1942 12 28.050 0.339 0 0 27.901 0.191 27.745 -0.024 1943 1 27.750 -0.060 0 0 27.542 -0.268 27.546 -0.323 1943 2 29.000 1.001 0 0 28.720 0.720 28.458 0.401 1943 3 28.050 -0.203 0 0 27.718 -0.535 27.701 -0.611 1943 4 28.750 0.508 0 0 28.406 0.164 28.157 -0.143 1943 5 28.950 0.654 0 0 28.659 0.364 28.711 0.357 1943 6 27.800 -0.081 0 0 27.597 -0.284 27.647 -0.292 1943 7 27.250 -0.334 0 0 27.071 -0.512 27.378 -0.264 1943 8 27.550 0.095 0 0 27.306 -0.149 27.528 0.015 1943 9 27.900 0.323 0 0 27.603 0.027 27.610 -0.025 1943 10 28.100 0.585 0 0 27.849 0.334 27.790 0.217 1943 11 27.900 0.092 0 0 27.734 -0.074 28.040 0.174 1943 12 27.300 -0.411 0 0 27.151 -0.559 27.244 -0.524 1944 1 27.450 -0.360 0 0 27.242 -0.568 27.491 -0.377 1944 2 27.600 -0.399 0 0 27.320 -0.680 27.530 -0.527 1944 3 28.800 0.547 0 0 28.468 0.215 28.412 0.100 1944 4 29.000 0.758 0 0 28.656 0.414 28.402 0.102 1944 5 28.950 0.654 0 0 28.659 0.364 28.728 0.374 1944 6 28.400 0.519 0 0 28.197 0.316 28.271 0.332 1944 7 27.800 0.216 0 0 27.621 0.038 27.680 0.038 1944 8 27.450 -0.005 0 0 27.206 -0.249 27.359 -0.154 1944 9 28.150 0.573 0 0 27.853 0.277 27.726 0.091 1944 10 27.450 -0.065 0 0 27.199 -0.316 27.257 -0.316 1944 11 28.200 0.392 0 0 28.034 0.226 28.128 0.262 1944 12 27.950 0.239 0 0 27.801 0.091 27.980 0.211 1945 1 27.850 0.040 0 0 27.642 -0.168 27.887 0.018 1945 2 28.600 0.601 0 0 28.320 0.320 28.358 0.301 1945 3 28.350 0.097 0 0 28.018 -0.235 28.248 -0.063 1945 4 28.600 0.358 0 0 28.256 0.014 28.086 -0.213 1945 5 28.600 0.304 0 0 28.309 0.014 28.365 0.011 1945 6 28.000 0.119 0 0 27.797 -0.084 28.078 0.139 1945 7 27.850 0.266 0 0 27.671 0.088 27.907 0.265 1945 8 27.550 0.095 0 0 27.306 -0.149 27.472 -0.041 1945 9 28.200 0.623 0 0 27.903 0.327 27.819 0.185 1945 10 28.350 0.835 0 0 28.099 0.584 28.191 0.618 1945 11 28.250 0.442 0 0 28.084 0.276 28.234 0.368 1945 12 28.000 0.289 0 0 27.851 0.141 27.969 0.200 1946 1 27.950 0.140 0 0 27.742 -0.068 27.907 0.038 1946 2 28.500 0.501 0 0 28.220 0.220 28.322 0.265 1946 3 28.400 0.147 0 0 28.068 -0.185 28.210 -0.101 1946 4 28.500 0.258 0 0 28.156 -0.086 28.059 -0.241 1946 5 28.250 -0.046 0 0 27.959 -0.336 28.081 -0.273 1946 6 27.950 0.069 0 0 27.747 -0.134 27.852 -0.087 1946 7 27.600 0.016 0 0 27.421 -0.162 27.515 -0.126 1946 8 27.600 0.145 0 0 27.356 -0.099 27.436 -0.077 1946 9 27.500 -0.077 0 0 27.203 -0.373 27.264 -0.370 1946 10 28.150 0.635 0 0 27.899 0.384 27.796 0.223 1946 11 28.250 0.442 0 0 28.084 0.276 28.436 0.570 1946 12 27.900 0.189 0 0 27.751 0.041 27.995 0.226 1947 1 28.700 0.890 0 0 28.492 0.682 28.609 0.741 1947 2 28.400 0.401 0 0 28.120 0.120 28.357 0.300 1947 3 29.300 1.047 0 0 28.968 0.715 28.975 0.664 1947 4 29.350 1.108 0 0 29.006 0.764 28.913 0.613 1947 5 28.700 0.404 0 0 28.409 0.114 28.641 0.288 1947 6 28.350 0.469 0 0 28.147 0.266 28.355 0.416 1947 7 27.400 -0.184 0 0 27.221 -0.362 27.591 -0.051 1947 8 27.650 0.195 0 0 27.406 -0.049 27.523 0.010 1947 9 27.850 0.273 0 0 27.553 -0.023 27.665 0.031 1947 10 27.700 0.185 0 0 27.449 -0.066 27.301 -0.273 1947 11 27.900 0.092 0 0 27.734 -0.074 27.888 0.022 1947 12 28.150 0.439 0 0 28.001 0.291 27.959 0.190 1948 1 28.250 0.440 0 0 28.042 0.232 28.161 0.292 1948 2 28.000 0.001 0 0 27.720 -0.280 27.737 -0.320 1948 3 28.600 0.347 0 0 28.268 0.015 28.359 0.047 1948 4 28.650 0.408 0 0 28.306 0.064 28.189 -0.111 1948 5 28.300 0.004 0 0 28.009 -0.286 28.130 -0.224 1948 6 28.050 0.169 0 0 27.847 -0.034 28.181 0.241 1948 7 27.300 -0.284 0 0 27.121 -0.462 27.237 -0.405 1948 8 27.500 0.045 0 0 27.256 -0.199 27.347 -0.166 1948 9 27.650 0.073 0 0 27.353 -0.223 27.329 -0.306 1948 10 27.650 0.135 0 0 27.399 -0.116 27.398 -0.175 1948 11 28.050 0.242 0 0 27.884 0.076 28.134 0.267 1948 12 27.750 0.039 0 0 27.601 -0.109 27.595 -0.173 1949 1 27.950 0.140 0 0 27.742 -0.068 27.959 0.090 1949 2 28.650 0.651 0 0 28.370 0.370 28.374 0.316 1949 3 28.450 0.197 0 0 28.118 -0.135 28.257 -0.054 1949 4 29.250 1.008 0 0 28.906 0.664 28.883 0.583 1949 5 28.850 0.554 0 0 28.559 0.264 28.521 0.167 1949 6 28.150 0.269 0 0 27.947 0.066 28.052 0.113 1949 7 27.750 0.166 0 0 27.571 -0.012 27.722 0.080 1949 8 27.350 -0.105 0 0 27.106 -0.349 27.122 -0.391 1949 9 28.450 0.873 0 0 28.153 0.577 28.050 0.415 1949 10 28.950 1.435 0 0 28.699 1.184 28.176 0.603 1949 11 27.450 -0.358 0 0 27.284 -0.524 27.506 -0.360 1949 12 27.750 0.039 0 0 27.601 -0.109 27.695 -0.073 1950 1 27.950 0.140 0 0 27.742 -0.068 27.648 -0.220 1950 2 28.100 0.101 0 0 27.820 -0.180 27.795 -0.263 1950 3 28.300 0.047 0 0 27.968 -0.285 27.857 -0.455 1950 4 28.600 0.358 0 0 28.256 0.014 28.121 -0.179 1950 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.278 -1.075 1950 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.514 -0.425 1950 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.258 -0.384 1950 8 28.000 0.545 0 0 27.756 0.301 27.548 0.035 1950 9 28.000 0.423 0 0 27.703 0.127 27.548 -0.087 1950 10 28.050 0.535 0 0 27.799 0.284 27.508 -0.065 1950 11 27.650 -0.158 0 0 27.484 -0.324 27.615 -0.251 1950 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.267 -0.502 1951 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.659 -0.209 1951 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.131 0.074 1951 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.161 -0.151 1951 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.040 -0.260 1951 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.491 0.137 1951 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.854 -0.085 1951 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.157 -0.485 1951 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.248 0.735 1951 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.476 0.841 1951 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 27.856 0.283 1951 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 28.115 0.248