% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 159070 % Primary Name: LICHTENBURG % Record Type: TAVG % Country: South Africa % Latitude: -26.13306 +/- 0.00014 % Longitude: 26.16694 +/- 0.00014 % Elevation (m): 1485.78 +/- 1.27 % # of Months: 189 % % IDs: ghcnd - SF004722810 % gsod - 683410-99999 % icao - FALI % usaf - 683410 % wmo - 68341 % % Sources: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Global Summary of the Day % World Meteorological Organization Metadata % % Site Hash: eae058845fac87c834eccd7b0eb5fddd % Raw Data Hash: 0927bdecb2b52f650a810c6ce065cdc5 % Adj Data Hash: d767473286f4cf2a6e61af042f41e99f % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1997 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.593 -0.554 1997 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.568 -2.015 1997 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.864 -1.016 1997 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.728 0.188 1997 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.589 0.807 1997 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.109 1.458 1997 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.441 0.479 1997 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.449 -0.083 1997 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.995 0.160 1997 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.122 1.407 1998 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.864 -0.291 1998 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.288 0.766 1998 3 20.608 -0.059 1 0 NaN NaN 21.906 1.759 1998 4 19.162 2.059 0 0 19.162 2.059 18.824 2.241 1998 5 13.935 0.533 0 0 13.935 0.533 13.337 0.456 1998 6 11.907 1.846 0 0 11.907 1.846 10.924 1.384 1998 7 11.400 1.098 0 0 11.400 1.098 11.333 1.552 1998 8 11.508 -1.664 0 0 11.508 -1.664 12.937 0.286 1998 9 18.031 0.548 0 0 18.031 0.548 18.201 1.239 1998 10 18.737 -1.316 1 0 NaN NaN 19.694 0.162 1998 11 20.732 -0.625 1 0 NaN NaN 20.886 0.050 1998 12 20.700 -1.537 0 0 20.700 -1.537 21.122 -0.594 1999 1 21.229 -1.446 1 0 NaN NaN 22.488 0.334 1999 2 22.214 0.171 1 0 NaN NaN 22.949 1.426 1999 3 22.379 1.712 1 0 NaN NaN 22.572 2.426 1999 4 20.266 3.162 1 0 NaN NaN 18.726 2.143 1999 5 15.011 1.609 1 0 NaN NaN 14.191 1.311 1999 6 11.372 1.311 0 0 11.372 1.311 11.043 1.502 1999 7 11.573 1.271 0 0 11.573 1.271 11.643 1.861 1999 8 13.537 0.365 0 0 13.537 0.365 13.096 0.445 1999 9 17.157 -0.326 0 0 17.157 -0.326 16.505 -0.457 1999 10 19.532 -0.521 1 0 NaN NaN 19.721 0.189 1999 11 23.068 1.712 0 0 23.068 1.712 23.027 2.191 1999 12 21.438 -0.798 1 0 NaN NaN 21.389 -0.327 2000 1 19.797 -2.878 1 0 NaN NaN 20.153 -2.002 2000 2 20.743 -1.300 0 0 20.743 -1.300 20.662 -0.861 2000 3 22.120 1.452 1 0 NaN NaN 20.451 0.304 2000 4 16.297 -0.806 1 0 NaN NaN 15.950 -0.633 2000 5 11.686 -1.715 0 0 11.686 -1.715 12.353 -0.527 2000 6 11.502 1.441 0 0 11.502 1.441 11.240 1.700 2000 7 8.330 -1.972 1 0 NaN NaN 9.996 0.215 2000 8 13.739 0.567 1 0 NaN NaN 13.760 1.109 2000 9 16.609 -0.874 0 0 16.609 -0.874 16.976 0.014 2000 10 21.191 1.139 1 0 NaN NaN 20.558 1.026 2000 11 18.817 -2.540 1 0 NaN NaN 19.842 -0.993 2000 12 21.914 -0.322 1 0 NaN NaN 21.993 0.277 2001 1 22.058 -0.618 1 0 NaN NaN 23.353 1.199 2001 2 20.887 -1.156 1 0 NaN NaN 21.571 0.048 2001 3 20.068 -0.599 1 0 NaN NaN 21.123 0.976 2001 4 18.259 1.156 1 0 NaN NaN 17.310 0.727 2001 5 14.477 1.076 0 0 14.477 1.076 13.932 1.051 2001 6 11.657 1.596 0 0 11.657 1.596 11.185 1.645 2001 7 9.925 -0.377 0 0 9.925 -0.377 10.043 0.262 2001 8 12.482 -0.689 0 0 12.482 -0.689 13.485 0.834 2001 9 14.823 -2.660 0 0 14.823 -2.660 16.400 -0.562 2001 10 20.061 0.008 1 0 NaN NaN 20.395 0.863 2001 11 19.825 -1.531 1 0 NaN NaN 19.764 -1.072 2001 12 21.375 -0.862 1 0 NaN NaN 20.993 -0.723 2002 1 23.206 0.531 1 0 NaN NaN 22.125 -0.029 2002 2 20.698 -1.346 0 0 20.698 -1.346 20.982 -0.541 2002 3 20.973 0.305 0 0 20.973 0.305 21.160 1.014 2002 4 18.671 1.568 0 0 18.671 1.568 18.495 1.913 2002 5 14.771 1.369 0 0 14.771 1.369 14.029 1.148 2002 6 10.267 0.206 0 0 10.267 0.206 9.776 0.235 2002 7 10.713 0.411 0 0 10.713 0.411 9.607 -0.175 2002 8 15.683 2.512 1 0 NaN NaN 14.247 1.596 2002 9 15.737 -1.746 1 0 NaN NaN 16.970 0.008 2002 10 20.518 0.465 0 0 20.518 0.465 20.292 0.760 2002 11 20.450 -0.906 1 0 NaN NaN 20.798 -0.038 2002 12 21.687 -0.550 1 0 NaN NaN 21.559 -0.157 2003 1 22.240 -0.435 1 0 NaN NaN 22.887 0.732 2003 2 22.506 0.463 1 0 NaN NaN 22.425 0.902 2003 3 20.576 -0.091 1 0 NaN NaN 21.273 1.126 2003 4 20.112 3.009 1 0 NaN NaN 19.359 2.776 2003 5 12.183 -1.218 1 0 NaN NaN 13.858 0.978 2003 6 10.634 0.573 0 0 10.634 0.573 10.108 0.568 2003 7 10.835 0.533 0 0 10.835 0.533 10.944 1.163 2003 8 13.400 0.229 1 0 NaN NaN 12.414 -0.237 2003 9 18.200 0.717 1 0 NaN NaN 18.551 1.590 2003 10 23.986 3.933 1 0 NaN NaN 21.467 1.935 2003 11 22.461 1.104 1 0 NaN NaN 21.579 0.744 2003 12 23.843 1.607 1 0 NaN NaN 23.841 2.125 2004 1 23.597 0.922 1 0 NaN NaN 22.678 0.523 2004 2 22.611 0.567 1 0 NaN NaN 21.214 -0.309 2004 3 20.410 -0.258 1 0 NaN NaN 19.798 -0.349 2004 4 17.595 0.492 1 0 NaN NaN 16.845 0.263 2004 5 14.381 0.979 1 0 NaN NaN 13.835 0.954 2004 6 10.700 0.639 0 0 10.700 0.639 9.695 0.155 2004 7 7.582 -2.720 0 0 7.582 -2.720 8.741 -1.041 2004 8 13.506 0.334 1 0 NaN NaN 13.746 1.095 2004 9 15.914 -1.569 0 0 15.914 -1.569 15.647 -1.315 2004 10 20.630 0.577 0 0 20.630 0.577 20.173 0.641 2004 11 24.183 2.827 0 0 24.183 2.827 23.418 2.582 2004 12 23.700 1.463 0 0 23.700 1.463 22.443 0.727 2005 1 23.807 1.132 0 0 23.807 1.132 22.437 0.282 2005 2 23.000 0.957 0 0 23.000 0.957 21.869 0.347 2005 3 20.678 0.010 0 0 20.678 0.010 19.942 -0.205 2005 4 17.502 0.399 0 0 17.502 0.399 15.976 -0.607 2005 5 14.974 1.573 0 0 14.974 1.573 13.798 0.917 2005 6 11.244 1.183 0 0 11.244 1.183 11.666 2.126 2005 7 11.373 1.071 0 0 11.373 1.071 11.023 1.242 2005 8 15.679 2.508 0 0 15.679 2.508 14.550 1.900 2005 9 19.703 2.220 0 0 19.703 2.220 19.184 2.222 2005 10 21.685 1.632 0 0 21.685 1.632 21.144 1.612 2005 11 23.280 1.924 0 0 23.280 1.924 21.691 0.856 2005 12 22.718 0.482 0 0 22.718 0.482 21.605 -0.111 2006 1 22.510 -0.165 0 0 22.510 -0.165 21.250 -0.904 2006 2 21.944 -0.099 0 0 21.944 -0.099 20.750 -0.773 2006 3 19.342 -1.325 0 0 19.342 -1.325 18.872 -1.275 2006 4 16.850 -0.253 0 0 16.850 -0.253 16.125 -0.458 2006 5 11.368 -2.034 0 0 11.368 -2.034 11.308 -1.573 2006 6 10.295 0.234 0 0 10.295 0.234 9.951 0.411 2006 7 12.633 2.331 0 0 12.633 2.331 12.099 2.317 2006 8 10.586 -2.585 0 0 10.586 -2.585 11.420 -1.231 2006 9 16.623 -0.859 0 0 16.623 -0.859 16.648 -0.314 2006 10 21.031 0.978 1 0 NaN NaN 20.670 1.138 2006 11 21.522 0.166 1 0 NaN NaN 20.803 -0.033 2006 12 23.439 1.202 0 0 23.439 1.202 22.851 1.135 2007 1 23.435 0.760 1 0 NaN NaN 23.106 0.951 2007 2 23.777 1.734 0 0 23.777 1.734 23.242 1.719 2007 3 21.950 1.283 1 0 NaN NaN 21.638 1.492 2007 4 21.076 3.973 0 0 21.076 3.973 17.605 1.022 2007 5 16.887 3.486 1 0 NaN NaN 12.991 0.110 2007 6 10.863 0.801 1 0 NaN NaN 9.873 0.332 2007 7 10.337 0.035 0 0 10.337 0.035 9.756 -0.025 2007 8 13.583 0.411 0 0 13.583 0.411 13.053 0.402 2007 9 19.778 2.295 1 0 NaN NaN 19.985 3.023 2007 10 19.287 -0.766 0 0 19.287 -0.766 18.164 -1.368 2007 11 20.578 -0.778 0 0 20.578 -0.778 20.538 -0.298 2007 12 20.930 -1.306 0 0 20.930 -1.306 21.003 -0.713 2008 1 21.780 -0.896 0 0 21.780 -0.896 21.099 -1.056 2008 2 22.320 0.277 0 0 22.320 0.277 21.600 0.077 2008 3 19.850 -0.817 1 0 NaN NaN 19.324 -0.823 2008 4 16.439 -0.664 1 0 NaN NaN 15.623 -0.960 2008 5 14.267 0.866 1 0 NaN NaN 14.097 1.216 2008 6 11.948 1.887 0 0 11.948 1.887 10.525 0.985 2008 7 11.094 0.792 0 0 11.094 0.792 10.507 0.725 2008 8 14.815 1.644 0 0 14.815 1.644 14.349 1.698 2008 9 17.064 -0.418 0 0 17.064 -0.418 17.281 0.319 2008 10 21.389 1.337 1 0 NaN NaN 21.631 2.098 2008 11 22.314 0.958 0 0 22.314 0.958 21.734 0.899 2008 12 23.863 1.627 1 0 NaN NaN 23.375 1.659 2009 1 22.575 -0.100 1 0 NaN NaN 22.173 0.018 2009 2 21.570 -0.473 1 0 NaN NaN 20.795 -0.728 2009 3 19.632 -1.036 1 0 NaN NaN 19.875 -0.272 2009 4 18.317 1.214 1 0 NaN NaN 17.260 0.678 2009 5 15.286 1.885 1 0 NaN NaN 13.251 0.370 2009 6 11.467 1.406 1 0 NaN NaN 10.880 1.340 2009 7 9.822 -0.480 1 0 NaN NaN 8.773 -1.008 2009 8 13.725 0.554 1 0 NaN NaN 12.720 0.069 2009 9 20.883 3.401 1 0 NaN NaN 18.677 1.715 2009 10 20.895 0.842 0 0 20.895 0.842 20.324 0.792 2009 11 20.496 -0.860 0 0 20.496 -0.860 20.093 -0.743 2009 12 23.775 1.539 0 0 23.775 1.539 22.937 1.221 2010 1 22.342 -0.333 0 0 22.342 -0.333 21.621 -0.534 2010 2 23.217 1.173 0 0 23.217 1.173 22.271 0.748 2010 3 22.112 1.445 0 0 22.112 1.445 21.611 1.464 2010 4 18.887 1.784 0 0 18.887 1.784 17.415 0.832 2010 5 16.187 2.785 0 0 16.187 2.785 14.588 1.707 2010 6 8.767 -1.294 0 0 8.767 -1.294 9.497 -0.044 2010 7 12.111 1.809 0 0 12.111 1.809 11.024 1.242 2010 8 14.943 1.771 0 0 14.943 1.771 13.340 0.689 2010 9 19.325 1.842 0 0 19.325 1.842 19.031 2.069 2010 10 22.193 2.140 0 0 22.193 2.140 21.548 2.015 2010 11 22.500 1.144 0 0 22.500 1.144 21.666 0.830 2010 12 22.671 0.435 0 0 22.671 0.435 21.687 -0.029 2011 1 22.311 -0.364 0 0 22.311 -0.364 21.157 -0.998 2011 2 21.795 -0.248 0 0 21.795 -0.248 21.307 -0.216 2011 3 22.059 1.392 0 0 22.059 1.392 21.697 1.551 2011 4 17.975 0.872 0 0 17.975 0.872 16.279 -0.304 2011 5 15.221 1.819 0 0 15.221 1.819 13.166 0.285 2011 6 9.571 -0.490 0 0 9.571 -0.490 8.888 -0.652 2011 7 9.854 -0.448 0 0 9.854 -0.448 8.469 -1.312 2011 8 13.618 0.446 0 0 13.618 0.446 11.806 -0.845 2011 9 18.509 1.026 0 0 18.509 1.026 17.985 1.023 2011 10 20.207 0.154 0 0 20.207 0.154 19.763 0.231 2011 11 21.721 0.365 0 0 21.721 0.365 21.441 0.605 2011 12 22.732 0.496 0 0 22.732 0.496 22.034 0.318 2012 1 24.653 1.978 1 0 NaN NaN 22.959 0.804 2012 2 23.323 1.280 1 0 NaN NaN 22.742 1.219 2012 3 21.243 0.576 0 0 21.243 0.576 21.326 1.179 2012 4 16.953 -0.150 1 0 NaN NaN 16.311 -0.271 2012 5 17.038 3.637 1 0 NaN NaN 14.635 1.754 2012 6 11.798 1.737 0 0 11.798 1.737 10.191 0.651 2012 7 12.011 1.709 1 0 NaN NaN 10.923 1.142 2012 8 17.038 3.867 1 0 NaN NaN 13.711 1.060 2012 9 15.530 -1.953 1 0 NaN NaN 16.681 -0.281 2012 10 21.829 1.776 1 0 NaN NaN 20.310 0.777 2012 11 22.072 0.716 1 0 NaN NaN 22.155 1.320 2012 12 21.040 -1.196 1 0 NaN NaN 21.555 -0.160 2013 1 23.594 0.919 1 0 NaN NaN 23.510 1.355 2013 2 23.345 1.302 1 0 NaN NaN 23.256 1.734 2013 3 21.481 0.814 0 0 21.481 0.814 21.178 1.031 2013 4 17.442 0.339 0 0 17.442 0.339 16.730 0.147 2013 5 13.940 0.538 0 0 13.940 0.538 14.046 1.165 2013 6 12.354 2.293 0 0 12.354 2.293 10.909 1.368 2013 7 12.248 1.946 0 0 12.248 1.946 11.999 2.218 2013 8 13.340 0.168 0 0 13.340 0.168 12.624 -0.027 2013 9 17.649 0.166 0 0 17.649 0.166 18.452 1.490 2013 10 19.609 -0.444 0 0 19.609 -0.444 20.040 0.507 2013 11 22.400 1.044 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN