% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 159065 % Primary Name: ERMELO % Record Type: TAVG % Country: South Africa % Latitude: -26.49907 +/- 0.00143 % Longitude: 29.98326 +/- 0.00076 % Elevation (m): 1770.22 +/- 4.27 % # of Months: 189 % % IDs: gsod - 682670-99999 % usaf - 682670 % wmo - 68267 % % Sources: Global Summary of the Day % World Meteorological Organization Metadata % % Site Hash: 79e765a9c7936a49b35b1e8473f0ca83 % Raw Data Hash: 7fef45d2ebad3f5d102a94dac22469aa % Adj Data Hash: eed9c247322edd48559fafab8adc98f7 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1997 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.739 0.053 1997 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.884 -1.144 1997 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.353 -0.854 1997 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.028 0.688 1997 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.755 0.219 1997 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.014 1.080 1997 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.452 0.656 1997 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.683 -0.692 1997 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.275 -0.046 1997 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.917 0.628 1998 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.026 0.229 1998 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.429 0.836 1998 3 18.346 1.611 0 0 18.346 1.611 20.481 1.794 1998 4 16.031 1.954 0 0 16.031 1.954 17.717 1.688 1998 5 11.737 0.481 0 0 11.737 0.481 13.892 0.685 1998 6 11.257 2.868 0 0 11.257 2.868 12.262 1.922 1998 7 10.000 1.415 0 0 10.000 1.415 12.032 1.496 1998 8 11.569 0.586 0 0 11.569 0.586 13.608 0.674 1998 9 14.887 1.042 0 0 14.887 1.042 17.029 1.233 1998 10 15.531 0.107 0 0 15.531 0.107 17.211 -0.164 1998 11 16.598 0.229 0 0 16.598 0.229 18.854 0.533 1998 12 17.185 -0.152 0 0 17.185 -0.152 19.025 -0.264 1999 1 17.564 -0.282 0 0 17.564 -0.282 19.958 0.160 1999 2 18.209 0.567 0 0 18.209 0.567 20.248 0.654 1999 3 17.272 0.537 0 0 17.272 0.537 20.084 1.397 1999 4 14.852 0.775 0 0 14.852 0.775 16.973 0.944 1999 5 11.998 0.742 0 0 11.998 0.742 14.488 1.280 1999 6 10.080 1.691 0 0 10.080 1.691 11.594 1.254 1999 7 9.980 1.395 0 0 9.980 1.395 11.923 1.387 1999 8 11.613 0.630 0 0 11.613 0.630 13.609 0.675 1999 9 12.980 -0.865 0 0 12.980 -0.865 15.565 -0.231 1999 10 14.591 -0.832 0 0 14.591 -0.832 16.826 -0.549 1999 11 17.715 1.346 0 0 17.715 1.346 19.721 1.400 1999 12 17.796 0.458 0 0 17.796 0.458 20.053 0.764 2000 1 16.089 -1.757 0 0 16.089 -1.757 18.163 -1.634 2000 2 16.768 -0.874 0 0 16.768 -0.874 19.140 -0.453 2000 3 16.839 0.104 0 0 16.839 0.104 19.366 0.679 2000 4 13.046 -1.031 0 0 13.046 -1.031 15.024 -1.005 2000 5 10.088 -1.168 0 0 10.088 -1.168 12.284 -0.923 2000 6 9.896 1.508 0 0 9.896 1.508 11.601 1.261 2000 7 8.579 -0.006 0 0 8.579 -0.006 10.665 0.129 2000 8 12.186 1.204 0 0 12.186 1.204 13.771 0.836 2000 9 13.648 -0.196 0 0 13.648 -0.196 15.960 0.164 2000 10 15.857 0.433 0 0 15.857 0.433 17.565 0.190 2000 11 15.259 -1.111 0 0 15.259 -1.111 17.377 -0.944 2000 12 17.843 0.505 0 0 17.843 0.505 19.773 0.483 2001 1 18.471 0.626 0 0 18.471 0.626 20.036 0.239 2001 2 17.280 -0.362 0 0 17.280 -0.362 19.260 -0.333 2001 3 17.230 0.495 0 0 17.230 0.495 19.450 0.763 2001 4 15.087 1.010 0 0 15.087 1.010 16.961 0.933 2001 5 11.848 0.592 0 0 11.848 0.592 13.949 0.741 2001 6 10.231 1.843 0 0 10.231 1.843 11.703 1.364 2001 7 7.898 -0.687 0 0 7.898 -0.687 10.326 -0.211 2001 8 12.864 1.881 0 0 12.864 1.881 14.385 1.450 2001 9 14.157 0.313 0 0 14.157 0.313 15.995 0.199 2001 10 16.446 1.023 0 0 16.446 1.023 18.092 0.717 2001 11 16.504 0.135 0 0 16.504 0.135 18.616 0.295 2001 12 17.753 0.415 0 0 17.753 0.415 19.375 0.086 2002 1 18.668 0.823 0 0 18.668 0.823 20.530 0.733 2002 2 17.345 -0.297 0 0 17.345 -0.297 19.238 -0.356 2002 3 17.362 0.627 0 0 17.362 0.627 19.958 1.272 2002 4 16.309 2.232 0 0 16.309 2.232 17.966 1.938 2002 5 12.453 1.197 0 0 12.453 1.197 14.412 1.205 2002 6 8.646 0.258 0 0 8.646 0.258 10.499 0.159 2002 7 8.774 0.189 0 0 8.774 0.189 10.642 0.105 2002 8 12.362 1.379 0 0 12.362 1.379 14.296 1.362 2002 9 13.524 -0.321 0 0 13.524 -0.321 15.816 0.020 2002 10 16.006 0.582 0 0 16.006 0.582 18.332 0.957 2002 11 15.607 -0.762 0 0 15.607 -0.762 17.740 -0.581 2002 12 17.892 0.555 0 0 17.892 0.555 19.781 0.492 2003 1 18.382 0.537 0 0 18.382 0.537 20.464 0.667 2003 2 18.772 1.130 0 0 18.772 1.130 21.010 1.416 2003 3 17.819 1.084 0 0 17.819 1.084 20.537 1.851 2003 4 16.444 2.368 0 0 16.444 2.368 18.308 2.279 2003 5 11.780 0.524 0 0 11.780 0.524 14.014 0.806 2003 6 9.183 0.795 0 0 9.183 0.795 10.717 0.377 2003 7 10.068 1.483 0 0 10.068 1.483 11.611 1.074 2003 8 10.919 -0.063 0 0 10.919 -0.063 12.980 0.046 2003 9 14.904 1.059 0 0 14.904 1.059 16.526 0.730 2003 10 17.410 1.987 0 0 17.410 1.987 18.795 1.420 2003 11 17.146 0.777 0 0 17.146 0.777 19.098 0.778 2003 12 18.763 1.426 0 0 18.763 1.426 20.780 1.491 2004 1 17.952 0.106 0 0 17.952 0.106 19.828 0.030 2004 2 17.299 -0.343 0 0 17.299 -0.343 19.529 -0.065 2004 3 15.968 -0.767 0 0 15.968 -0.767 18.669 -0.017 2004 4 14.483 0.406 0 0 14.483 0.406 16.650 0.622 2004 5 12.176 0.920 0 0 12.176 0.920 13.861 0.653 2004 6 8.158 -0.230 0 0 8.158 -0.230 10.266 -0.074 2004 7 7.518 -1.067 0 0 7.518 -1.067 9.867 -0.670 2004 8 12.156 1.173 0 0 12.156 1.173 14.350 1.415 2004 9 12.943 -0.902 0 0 12.943 -0.902 14.968 -0.828 2004 10 15.523 0.100 0 0 15.523 0.100 17.980 0.605 2004 11 18.415 2.046 0 0 18.415 2.046 20.448 2.127 2004 12 17.894 0.557 0 0 17.894 0.557 20.107 0.818 2005 1 18.474 0.628 0 0 18.474 0.628 20.410 0.613 2005 2 18.349 0.707 0 0 18.349 0.707 20.507 0.913 2005 3 16.272 -0.463 0 0 16.272 -0.463 18.664 -0.022 2005 4 14.170 0.093 0 0 14.170 0.093 16.167 0.139 2005 5 12.717 1.461 0 0 12.717 1.461 14.475 1.268 2005 6 11.250 2.862 0 0 11.250 2.862 12.558 2.218 2005 7 10.072 1.487 0 0 10.072 1.487 11.668 1.131 2005 8 13.959 2.976 0 0 13.959 2.976 15.419 2.484 2005 9 16.907 3.063 0 0 16.907 3.063 18.173 2.377 2005 10 17.156 1.733 0 0 17.156 1.733 18.733 1.358 2005 11 17.322 0.953 0 0 17.322 0.953 19.177 0.856 2005 12 17.382 0.044 0 0 17.382 0.044 18.834 -0.455 2006 1 18.104 0.258 0 0 18.104 0.258 19.942 0.145 2006 2 17.919 0.277 0 0 17.919 0.277 20.261 0.667 2006 3 15.308 -1.427 0 0 15.308 -1.427 17.827 -0.859 2006 4 14.041 -0.036 0 0 14.041 -0.036 15.912 -0.116 2006 5 9.529 -1.727 0 0 9.529 -1.727 11.928 -1.280 2006 6 8.461 0.073 0 0 8.461 0.073 10.054 -0.286 2006 7 10.978 2.393 0 0 10.978 2.393 12.394 1.857 2006 8 9.427 -1.556 0 0 9.427 -1.556 12.099 -0.836 2006 9 14.054 0.209 0 0 14.054 0.209 15.825 0.029 2006 10 16.957 1.534 0 0 16.957 1.534 18.722 1.347 2006 11 16.632 0.263 0 0 16.632 0.263 18.766 0.446 2006 12 18.590 1.253 0 0 18.590 1.253 20.652 1.363 2007 1 18.329 0.483 1 0 NaN NaN 20.596 0.799 2007 2 18.998 1.356 0 0 18.998 1.356 21.157 1.564 2007 3 17.760 1.025 0 0 17.760 1.025 20.166 1.480 2007 4 14.609 0.532 0 0 14.609 0.532 16.455 0.427 2007 5 12.072 0.816 0 0 12.072 0.816 13.559 0.351 2007 6 8.948 0.560 0 0 8.948 0.560 10.834 0.495 2007 7 9.115 0.530 0 0 9.115 0.530 11.034 0.497 2007 8 12.052 1.069 0 0 12.052 1.069 13.854 0.920 2007 9 16.974 3.129 0 0 16.974 3.129 18.406 2.610 2007 10 14.401 -1.022 0 0 14.401 -1.022 16.517 -0.858 2007 11 17.805 1.436 1 0 NaN NaN 18.584 0.263 2007 12 16.716 -0.621 0 0 16.716 -0.621 18.703 -0.586 2008 1 17.122 -0.724 0 0 17.122 -0.724 19.186 -0.611 2008 2 17.477 -0.165 0 0 17.477 -0.165 19.872 0.278 2008 3 15.704 -1.031 0 0 15.704 -1.031 18.571 -0.115 2008 4 13.357 -0.719 0 0 13.357 -0.719 15.095 -0.933 2008 5 12.271 1.015 0 0 12.271 1.015 13.963 0.755 2008 6 9.650 1.262 0 0 9.650 1.262 10.939 0.600 2008 7 9.514 0.929 0 0 9.514 0.929 11.550 1.013 2008 8 12.928 1.946 0 0 12.928 1.946 14.503 1.569 2008 9 14.515 0.670 0 0 14.515 0.670 16.365 0.569 2008 10 17.125 1.702 0 0 17.125 1.702 18.399 1.024 2008 11 17.572 1.203 0 0 17.572 1.203 19.135 0.815 2008 12 17.961 0.623 0 0 17.961 0.623 20.019 0.730 2009 1 18.900 1.054 0 0 18.900 1.054 20.307 0.510 2009 2 17.508 -0.134 0 0 17.508 -0.134 19.394 -0.199 2009 3 16.099 -0.636 0 0 16.099 -0.636 18.536 -0.150 2009 4 14.311 0.234 0 0 14.311 0.234 16.112 0.084 2009 5 11.583 0.327 0 0 11.583 0.327 13.820 0.612 2009 6 9.498 1.110 0 0 9.498 1.110 11.680 1.340 2009 7 7.649 -0.936 0 0 7.649 -0.936 9.777 -0.760 2009 8 10.609 -0.373 0 0 10.609 -0.373 12.755 -0.180 2009 9 15.661 1.817 0 0 15.661 1.817 17.046 1.249 2009 10 15.751 0.328 0 0 15.751 0.328 17.617 0.242 2009 11 15.924 -0.445 0 0 15.924 -0.445 17.425 -0.895 2009 12 18.742 1.404 0 0 18.742 1.404 20.300 1.011 2010 1 18.106 0.260 0 0 18.106 0.260 19.654 -0.143 2010 2 18.200 0.557 0 0 18.200 0.557 20.487 0.893 2010 3 17.455 0.720 0 0 17.455 0.720 19.908 1.221 2010 4 14.910 0.833 0 0 14.910 0.833 16.687 0.658 2010 5 12.646 1.390 0 0 12.646 1.390 15.098 1.890 2010 6 9.248 0.860 0 0 9.248 0.860 10.821 0.481 2010 7 9.186 0.601 0 0 9.186 0.601 11.334 0.797 2010 8 11.437 0.455 0 0 11.437 0.455 13.195 0.261 2010 9 15.972 2.128 0 0 15.972 2.128 17.652 1.856 2010 10 16.385 0.962 0 0 16.385 0.962 18.266 0.891 2010 11 16.857 0.488 0 0 16.857 0.488 18.933 0.612 2010 12 17.628 0.291 0 0 17.628 0.291 19.382 0.093 2011 1 18.075 0.230 0 0 18.075 0.230 19.249 -0.548 2011 2 18.341 0.699 0 0 18.341 0.699 19.692 0.098 2011 3 18.245 1.510 0 0 18.245 1.510 20.695 2.008 2011 4 13.850 -0.227 0 0 13.850 -0.227 15.814 -0.214 2011 5 12.167 0.911 0 0 12.167 0.911 14.228 1.020 2011 6 9.015 0.627 0 0 9.015 0.627 10.821 0.481 2011 7 7.152 -1.433 0 0 7.152 -1.433 9.599 -0.938 2011 8 10.149 -0.834 0 0 10.149 -0.834 12.185 -0.749 2011 9 14.948 1.104 0 0 14.948 1.104 17.171 1.375 2011 10 17.231 1.808 0 0 17.231 1.808 18.208 0.834 2011 11 17.881 1.512 0 0 17.881 1.512 19.524 1.203 2011 12 19.130 1.792 1 0 NaN NaN 19.535 0.246 2012 1 18.362 0.516 0 0 18.362 0.516 20.121 0.324 2012 2 19.205 1.563 0 0 19.205 1.563 20.953 1.359 2012 3 16.925 0.190 0 0 16.925 0.190 19.372 0.686 2012 4 13.337 -0.740 0 0 13.337 -0.740 15.406 -0.623 2012 5 13.287 2.031 0 0 13.287 2.031 15.024 1.816 2012 6 8.783 0.395 0 0 8.783 0.395 11.373 1.034 2012 7 9.855 1.270 0 0 9.855 1.270 12.183 1.646 2012 8 12.586 1.603 0 0 12.586 1.603 14.584 1.650 2012 9 13.913 0.068 1 0 NaN NaN 15.350 -0.446 2012 10 16.478 1.054 0 0 16.478 1.054 17.854 0.479 2012 11 16.980 0.610 0 0 16.980 0.610 18.387 0.066 2012 12 17.570 0.232 0 0 17.570 0.232 19.521 0.232 2013 1 18.355 0.509 0 0 18.355 0.509 19.913 0.116 2013 2 18.617 0.975 0 0 18.617 0.975 20.341 0.747 2013 3 16.843 0.108 0 0 16.843 0.108 19.048 0.362 2013 4 15.062 0.985 1 0 NaN NaN 15.436 -0.593 2013 5 11.799 0.543 0 0 11.799 0.543 13.652 0.445 2013 6 10.252 1.864 0 0 10.252 1.864 11.882 1.543 2013 7 9.923 1.338 0 0 9.923 1.338 11.856 1.319 2013 8 10.892 -0.090 0 0 10.892 -0.090 13.242 0.308 2013 9 15.498 1.654 0 0 15.498 1.654 17.384 1.588 2013 10 14.801 -0.622 0 0 14.801 -0.622 16.872 -0.502 2013 11 17.697 1.328 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN