% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 159046 % Primary Name: ULUNDI % Record Type: TAVG % Country: South Africa % Latitude: -28.30000 +/- 0.00050 % Longitude: 31.41832 +/- 0.00182 % Elevation (m): 524.00 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 40 % % IDs: gsod - 684930-99999 % icao - FAUL % usaf - 684930 % wmo - 68493 % % Sources: Global Summary of the Day % World Meteorological Organization Metadata % % Site Hash: 7c6e020f1dd0b3a21ef4e673798a16e6 % Raw Data Hash: 6d2ea8544e771d024b8ea4e402b6df6c % Adj Data Hash: bb9661fd801edc10f197645ccb391099 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1997 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.067 0.204 1997 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.019 0.126 1997 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.292 -0.954 1997 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.868 -0.736 1997 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.418 0.394 1997 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.762 -0.245 1997 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.769 1.090 1997 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.264 0.569 1997 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.293 0.151 1997 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.709 0.022 1997 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.477 0.313 1998 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.445 0.483 1998 2 25.506 1.298 0 0 25.506 1.298 24.790 0.927 1998 3 24.257 1.018 0 0 24.257 1.018 23.923 1.031 1998 4 22.422 1.831 0 0 22.422 1.831 21.557 1.311 1998 5 19.208 1.259 0 0 19.208 1.259 18.373 0.769 1998 6 16.647 1.277 0 0 16.647 1.277 16.168 1.144 1998 7 17.047 1.694 0 0 17.047 1.694 16.272 1.265 1998 8 18.020 0.995 0 0 18.020 0.995 17.446 0.767 1998 9 20.519 1.478 0 0 20.519 1.478 19.713 1.019 1998 10 20.631 0.144 0 0 20.631 0.144 20.307 0.165 1998 11 22.706 0.673 0 0 22.706 0.673 22.652 0.965 1998 12 24.265 0.756 0 0 24.265 0.756 23.366 0.202 1999 1 25.536 1.229 0 0 25.536 1.229 24.867 0.905 1999 2 24.249 0.041 0 0 24.249 0.041 24.578 0.715 1999 3 24.457 1.219 0 0 24.457 1.219 24.607 1.715 1999 4 21.302 0.710 0 0 21.302 0.710 21.322 1.076 1999 5 19.636 1.687 0 0 19.636 1.687 18.912 1.309 1999 6 17.606 2.236 0 0 17.606 2.236 16.146 1.122 1999 7 17.413 2.060 0 0 17.413 2.060 16.614 1.607 1999 8 18.514 1.489 1 0 NaN NaN 17.603 0.924 1999 9 20.144 1.104 0 0 20.144 1.104 19.118 0.424 1999 10 20.815 0.327 0 0 20.815 0.327 20.141 -0.001 1999 11 24.222 2.190 0 0 24.222 2.190 23.374 1.687 1999 12 25.566 2.057 1 0 NaN NaN 24.313 1.149 2000 1 22.811 -1.497 0 0 22.811 -1.497 22.833 -1.129 2000 2 24.071 -0.137 0 0 24.071 -0.137 24.212 0.349 2000 3 24.300 1.061 0 0 24.300 1.061 23.775 0.883 2000 4 17.216 -3.375 0 0 17.216 -3.375 19.241 -1.005 2000 5 16.609 -1.340 0 0 16.609 -1.340 16.785 -0.819 2000 6 16.584 1.215 0 0 16.584 1.215 15.900 0.876 2000 7 15.411 0.058 0 0 15.411 0.058 15.096 0.089 2000 8 18.387 1.363 0 0 18.387 1.363 17.501 0.823 2000 9 19.854 0.814 0 0 19.854 0.814 19.259 0.564 2000 10 20.787 0.300 0 0 20.787 0.300 20.152 0.010 2000 11 21.250 -0.783 0 0 21.250 -0.783 21.371 -0.316 2000 12 23.846 0.337 0 0 23.846 0.337 23.858 0.695 2001 1 23.265 -1.043 0 0 23.265 -1.043 23.607 -0.355 2001 2 23.099 -1.109 0 0 23.099 -1.109 23.442 -0.421 2001 3 23.564 0.326 0 0 23.564 0.326 23.781 0.889 2001 4 21.071 0.479 0 0 21.071 0.479 20.883 0.637 2001 5 18.160 0.211 1 0 NaN NaN 18.395 0.792 2001 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.241 1.217 2001 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.197 0.189 2001 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.776 1.098 2001 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.883 0.188 2001 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.132 0.990 2001 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.670 0.983 2001 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.426 0.263 2002 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.924 0.962 2002 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 23.103 -0.760 2002 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 24.116 1.223 2002 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.679 1.433 2002 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.686 1.082