% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 158986 % Primary Name: GRAHAMSTOWN % Record Type: TAVG % Country: South Africa % Latitude: -33.28660 +/- 0.00410 % Longitude: 26.50121 +/- 0.00171 % Elevation (m): 642.00 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 187 % % IDs: ghcnd - SF000570480 % gsod - 688490-99999 % usaf - 688490 % wmo - 68849 % % Sources: Global Historical Climatology Network - Daily % Global Summary of the Day % World Meteorological Organization Metadata % % Site Hash: b2837bc0aa063a3c868d03eff1d3490b % Raw Data Hash: 6969671305382ecedda9af62ef00a903 % Adj Data Hash: 6bb4566deb491d263c5ec2acb43b36a8 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1997 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 20.616 -0.121 1997 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.267 -1.289 1997 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.695 -0.124 1997 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.047 -0.566 1997 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.342 -0.083 1997 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.050 0.672 1997 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.978 0.828 1997 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.339 1.583 1997 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 19.040 -0.065 1997 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 21.610 0.383 1998 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.112 -0.344 1998 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.781 0.600 1998 3 17.654 -2.858 0 0 17.654 -2.858 20.938 0.200 1998 4 19.153 1.823 0 0 19.153 1.823 18.686 1.130 1998 5 16.325 1.732 0 0 16.325 1.732 15.361 0.542 1998 6 14.564 2.177 0 0 14.564 2.177 12.664 0.051 1998 7 13.834 1.635 0 0 13.834 1.635 12.770 0.345 1998 8 15.867 2.716 1 0 NaN NaN 13.625 0.248 1998 9 14.965 0.041 0 0 14.965 0.041 14.877 -0.273 1998 10 17.380 0.850 0 0 17.380 0.850 17.599 0.843 1998 11 16.963 -1.916 0 0 16.963 -1.916 19.662 0.557 1998 12 20.309 -0.693 0 0 20.309 -0.693 21.706 0.478 1999 1 22.098 -0.132 0 0 22.098 -0.132 23.673 1.217 1999 2 22.322 0.367 0 0 22.322 0.367 23.159 0.978 1999 3 20.391 -0.121 0 0 20.391 -0.121 22.670 1.932 1999 4 19.579 2.249 0 0 19.579 2.249 18.745 1.189 1999 5 16.600 2.007 0 0 16.600 2.007 15.381 0.562 1999 6 15.485 3.098 0 0 15.485 3.098 14.034 1.421 1999 7 15.200 3.001 0 0 15.200 3.001 14.410 1.985 1999 8 16.024 2.873 0 0 16.024 2.873 14.793 1.415 1999 9 15.840 0.916 0 0 15.840 0.916 15.357 0.207 1999 10 18.182 1.651 0 0 18.182 1.651 18.287 1.530 1999 11 20.126 1.247 0 0 20.126 1.247 21.145 2.040 1999 12 23.560 2.559 0 0 23.560 2.559 23.841 2.614 2000 1 21.048 -1.182 0 0 21.048 -1.182 21.779 -0.677 2000 2 23.535 1.580 0 0 23.535 1.580 23.286 1.105 2000 3 20.633 0.121 0 0 20.633 0.121 21.315 0.577 2000 4 17.707 0.377 0 0 17.707 0.377 17.195 -0.361 2000 5 14.522 -0.071 0 0 14.522 -0.071 13.773 -1.046 2000 6 15.113 2.726 0 0 15.113 2.726 13.373 0.760 2000 7 13.030 0.831 0 0 13.030 0.831 12.759 0.334 2000 8 16.346 3.195 0 0 16.346 3.195 15.018 1.640 2000 9 12.800 -2.124 0 0 12.800 -2.124 14.568 -0.582 2000 10 17.662 1.132 0 0 17.662 1.132 17.330 0.574 2000 11 17.871 -1.008 0 0 17.871 -1.008 19.366 0.261 2000 12 19.983 -1.019 0 0 19.983 -1.019 21.732 0.505 2001 1 20.345 -1.885 0 0 20.345 -1.885 21.794 -0.662 2001 2 21.460 -0.495 1 0 NaN NaN 22.494 0.313 2001 3 22.904 2.392 1 0 NaN NaN 21.990 1.252 2001 4 18.226 0.896 0 0 18.226 0.896 17.533 -0.023 2001 5 17.972 3.379 0 0 17.972 3.379 16.495 1.676 2001 6 14.862 2.475 0 0 14.862 2.475 13.704 1.091 2001 7 13.107 0.908 1 0 NaN NaN 12.446 0.021 2001 8 15.046 1.895 0 0 15.046 1.895 13.977 0.600 2001 9 15.356 0.432 0 0 15.356 0.432 15.328 0.179 2001 10 18.658 2.128 0 0 18.658 2.128 18.908 2.151 2001 11 18.891 0.012 0 0 18.891 0.012 19.976 0.871 2001 12 19.953 -1.049 0 0 19.953 -1.049 21.858 0.630 2002 1 21.425 -0.805 0 0 21.425 -0.805 22.650 0.195 2002 2 21.220 -0.735 0 0 21.220 -0.735 22.362 0.181 2002 3 20.248 -0.264 0 0 20.248 -0.264 22.199 1.461 2002 4 20.408 3.078 0 0 20.408 3.078 19.474 1.918 2002 5 15.894 1.301 0 0 15.894 1.301 15.079 0.260 2002 6 12.817 0.430 0 0 12.817 0.430 11.803 -0.810 2002 7 12.650 0.451 1 0 NaN NaN 11.988 -0.437 2002 8 15.910 2.759 0 0 15.910 2.759 14.181 0.803 2002 9 15.791 0.867 0 0 15.791 0.867 16.009 0.860 2002 10 16.842 0.312 1 0 NaN NaN 17.979 1.223 2002 11 20.118 1.239 1 0 NaN NaN 19.039 -0.065 2002 12 21.807 0.805 0 0 21.807 0.805 22.568 1.340 2003 1 22.219 -0.011 0 0 22.219 -0.011 23.472 1.016 2003 2 24.592 2.637 0 0 24.592 2.637 24.544 2.363 2003 3 19.884 -0.628 1 0 NaN NaN 21.936 1.198 2003 4 19.798 2.468 0 0 19.798 2.468 19.562 2.006 2003 5 15.379 0.786 1 0 NaN NaN 15.154 0.335 2003 6 13.234 0.847 0 0 13.234 0.847 11.762 -0.851 2003 7 12.738 0.539 0 0 12.738 0.539 12.114 -0.312 2003 8 13.175 0.024 0 0 13.175 0.024 12.150 -1.227 2003 9 16.560 1.637 1 0 NaN NaN 15.440 0.290 2003 10 17.742 1.211 0 0 17.742 1.211 17.819 1.063 2003 11 21.079 2.200 0 0 21.079 2.200 20.612 1.508 2003 12 20.129 -0.873 0 0 20.129 -0.873 21.336 0.109 2004 1 24.755 2.525 1 0 NaN NaN 22.355 -0.101 2004 2 23.739 1.784 0 0 23.739 1.784 23.377 1.196 2004 3 21.357 0.845 0 0 21.357 0.845 20.897 0.159 2004 4 19.839 2.509 0 0 19.839 2.509 18.761 1.205 2004 5 17.591 2.998 0 0 17.591 2.998 16.458 1.639 2004 6 15.081 2.694 0 0 15.081 2.694 13.662 1.049 2004 7 11.895 -0.305 0 0 11.895 -0.305 11.035 -1.390 2004 8 16.150 2.999 0 0 16.150 2.999 14.504 1.127 2004 9 14.472 -0.452 0 0 14.472 -0.452 14.800 -0.349 2004 10 17.625 1.094 0 0 17.625 1.094 18.006 1.250 2004 11 20.162 1.284 0 0 20.162 1.284 22.028 2.923 2004 12 21.626 0.624 0 0 21.626 0.624 23.160 1.932 2005 1 20.693 -1.537 0 0 20.693 -1.537 22.561 0.105 2005 2 21.366 -0.589 0 0 21.366 -0.589 22.941 0.760 2005 3 20.448 -0.064 0 0 20.448 -0.064 21.702 0.964 2005 4 18.005 0.675 0 0 18.005 0.675 17.886 0.329 2005 5 16.503 1.910 0 0 16.503 1.910 16.130 1.311 2005 6 13.964 1.577 0 0 13.964 1.577 12.396 -0.217 2005 7 15.047 2.848 0 0 15.047 2.848 13.824 1.399 2005 8 12.527 -0.625 0 0 12.527 -0.625 13.222 -0.155 2005 9 14.256 -0.668 0 0 14.256 -0.668 16.180 1.030 2005 10 18.872 2.341 0 0 18.872 2.341 18.658 1.902 2005 11 19.110 0.231 0 0 19.110 0.231 19.835 0.730 2005 12 18.646 -2.356 0 0 18.646 -2.356 20.312 -0.916 2006 1 21.902 -0.328 0 0 21.902 -0.328 22.636 0.180 2006 2 20.464 -1.491 0 0 20.464 -1.491 23.462 1.282 2006 3 20.231 -0.281 0 0 20.231 -0.281 20.528 -0.210 2006 4 19.098 1.768 0 0 19.098 1.768 18.543 0.987 2006 5 14.095 -0.498 0 0 14.095 -0.498 13.321 -1.498 2006 6 14.463 2.076 0 0 14.463 2.076 12.659 0.046 2006 7 14.557 2.358 0 0 14.557 2.358 13.252 0.826 2006 8 14.295 1.144 0 0 14.295 1.144 13.205 -0.172 2006 9 16.353 1.430 0 0 16.353 1.430 16.240 1.090 2006 10 17.395 0.865 0 0 17.395 0.865 17.680 0.923 2006 11 18.676 -0.203 0 0 18.676 -0.203 19.846 0.741 2006 12 19.105 -1.897 0 0 19.105 -1.897 20.900 -0.327 2007 1 22.240 0.010 0 0 22.240 0.010 23.632 1.176 2007 2 22.202 0.247 0 0 22.202 0.247 23.198 1.017 2007 3 19.992 -0.520 0 0 19.992 -0.520 21.047 0.309 2007 4 18.779 1.449 0 0 18.779 1.449 18.862 1.306 2007 5 16.346 1.753 0 0 16.346 1.753 15.817 0.998 2007 6 13.369 0.982 0 0 13.369 0.982 12.759 0.146 2007 7 13.409 1.209 0 0 13.409 1.209 12.232 -0.193 2007 8 14.660 1.509 0 0 14.660 1.509 14.157 0.780 2007 9 16.963 2.039 0 0 16.963 2.039 16.875 1.725 2007 10 16.937 0.407 0 0 16.937 0.407 17.461 0.704 2007 11 18.808 -0.071 0 0 18.808 -0.071 19.347 0.242 2007 12 20.387 -0.615 0 0 20.387 -0.615 21.869 0.641 2008 1 21.240 -0.990 0 0 21.240 -0.990 22.813 0.357 2008 2 21.244 -0.711 1 0 NaN NaN 22.952 0.771 2008 3 20.794 0.282 0 0 20.794 0.282 21.708 0.970 2008 4 17.621 0.291 0 0 17.621 0.291 17.207 -0.349 2008 5 17.759 3.166 0 0 17.759 3.166 16.670 1.851 2008 6 14.025 1.638 0 0 14.025 1.638 12.869 0.256 2008 7 14.296 2.097 0 0 14.296 2.097 12.895 0.469 2008 8 14.794 1.643 0 0 14.794 1.643 13.864 0.487 2008 9 15.819 0.896 0 0 15.819 0.896 14.848 -0.301 2008 10 17.344 0.814 0 0 17.344 0.814 17.722 0.965 2008 11 18.343 -0.536 0 0 18.343 -0.536 19.747 0.642 2008 12 18.356 -2.646 0 0 18.356 -2.646 21.818 0.591 2009 1 19.169 -3.061 0 0 19.169 -3.061 22.534 0.078 2009 2 21.261 -0.695 1 0 NaN NaN 22.380 0.199 2009 3 22.823 2.311 1 0 NaN NaN 21.973 1.236 2009 4 20.054 2.724 0 0 20.054 2.724 19.544 1.988 2009 5 16.295 1.702 1 0 NaN NaN 15.816 0.997 2009 6 14.060 1.673 1 0 NaN NaN 12.882 0.269 2009 7 14.145 1.945 1 0 NaN NaN 12.654 0.229 2009 8 14.995 1.844 1 0 NaN NaN 14.448 1.070 2009 9 15.915 0.991 1 0 NaN NaN 15.605 0.455 2009 10 17.075 0.545 0 0 17.075 0.545 17.561 0.804 2009 11 18.791 -0.088 0 0 18.791 -0.088 19.670 0.566 2009 12 19.220 -1.782 0 0 19.220 -1.782 21.269 0.041 2010 1 22.235 0.005 1 0 NaN NaN 22.689 0.233 2010 2 23.714 1.759 0 0 23.714 1.759 23.481 1.300 2010 3 22.240 1.728 0 0 22.240 1.728 23.021 2.284 2010 4 18.136 0.806 1 0 NaN NaN 18.667 1.111 2010 5 16.852 2.259 0 0 16.852 2.259 16.697 1.878 2010 6 12.824 0.437 0 0 12.824 0.437 12.293 -0.320 2010 7 14.458 2.259 0 0 14.458 2.259 13.851 1.425 2010 8 15.828 2.676 0 0 15.828 2.676 15.044 1.667 2010 9 15.465 0.541 0 0 15.465 0.541 16.692 1.542 2010 10 16.248 -0.282 0 0 16.248 -0.282 17.075 0.318 2010 11 18.194 -0.685 1 0 NaN NaN 19.978 0.873 2010 12 17.650 -3.352 0 0 17.650 -3.352 21.323 0.095 2011 1 21.837 -0.394 0 0 21.837 -0.394 23.007 0.552 2011 2 24.006 2.050 1 0 NaN NaN 23.952 1.771 2011 3 23.217 2.705 1 0 NaN NaN 22.774 2.036 2011 4 16.664 -0.667 0 0 16.664 -0.667 17.463 -0.093 2011 5 13.825 -0.768 1 0 NaN NaN 15.340 0.521 2011 6 11.094 -1.293 1 0 NaN NaN 11.992 -0.621 2011 7 13.538 1.338 1 0 NaN NaN 11.149 -1.276 2011 8 14.071 0.920 1 0 NaN NaN 13.423 0.045 2011 9 14.637 -0.286 1 0 NaN NaN 16.104 0.955 2011 10 20.458 3.928 1 0 NaN NaN 18.173 1.416 2011 11 16.467 -2.412 1 0 NaN NaN 18.962 -0.142 2011 12 18.834 -2.168 0 0 18.834 -2.168 21.170 -0.058 2012 1 22.714 0.484 1 0 NaN NaN 24.364 1.908 2012 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 22.469 0.288 2012 3 14.900 -5.612 1 0 NaN NaN 21.961 1.223 2012 4 17.821 0.491 1 0 NaN NaN 17.219 -0.337 2012 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.193 0.374 2012 6 12.300 -0.087 1 0 NaN NaN 12.219 -0.394 2012 7 11.975 -0.224 1 0 NaN NaN 11.679 -0.746 2012 8 15.512 2.360 1 0 NaN NaN 13.292 -0.086 2012 9 16.653 1.729 1 0 NaN NaN 15.006 -0.144 2012 10 14.670 -1.860 1 0 NaN NaN 16.396 -0.361 2012 11 17.795 -1.083 0 0 17.795 -1.083 19.273 0.168 2012 12 21.352 0.350 0 0 21.352 0.350 22.751 1.523 2013 1 20.306 -1.924 0 0 20.306 -1.924 22.588 0.132 2013 2 22.242 0.287 1 0 NaN NaN 22.589 0.408 2013 3 20.249 -0.263 0 0 20.249 -0.263 21.372 0.634 2013 4 17.837 0.507 0 0 17.837 0.507 17.344 -0.212 2013 5 16.297 1.704 1 0 NaN NaN 15.403 0.584 2013 6 13.705 1.317 0 0 13.705 1.317 12.812 0.199 2013 7 13.583 1.383 1 0 NaN NaN 13.321 0.896 2013 8 14.446 1.295 0 0 14.446 1.295 13.242 -0.136 2013 9 14.957 0.034 0 0 14.957 0.034 14.595 -0.555 2013 10 17.562 1.032 0 0 17.562 1.032 17.882 1.126 2013 11 20.817 1.938 1 0 NaN NaN NaN NaN