% This file contains a station summary listing for a temperature % station in the Berkeley Earth database. This station is identified as: % % Berkeley ID#: 142815 % Primary Name: LONDON WEATHER CENT % Record Type: TAVG % Country: United Kingdom % Latitude: 51.51700 +/- 0.00050 % Longitude: -0.10000 +/- 0.00050 % Elevation (m): 43.00 +/- 0.05 % # of Months: 215 % % IDs: gsod - 037790-99999 % icao - EGRB % usaf - 37790 % % Sources: Global Summary of the Day % % Site Hash: 31f88619cf9ca6121c4dd6d445ea7339 % Raw Data Hash: 4bccbdc48349d55bf63b02f0deb03ab0 % Adj Data Hash: cf2c62e69b1e227e90262927f617b8e9 % % The data for this station is presented below in several columns and in % several forms. The temperature values are reported as "raw", % "adjusted", and "regional expectation". % % The "raw" values reflect the observations as originally ingested by % the Berkeley Earth system from one or more originating archive(s). % These "raw" values may reflect the merger of more than one temperature % time series if multiple archives reported values for this location. % Alongside the raw data we have also provided a flag indicating which % values failed initial quality control checks. A further column % dates at which the raw data may be subject to continuity "breaks" % due to documented station moves (denoted "1"), prolonged measurement % gaps (denoted "2"), documented time of observation changes (denoted "3") % and other empirically determined inhomogeneities (denoted "4"). % % In many cases, raw temperature data contains a number of artifacts, % caused by issues such as typographical errors, instrumentation changes, % station moves, and urban or agricultural development near the station. % The Berkeley Earth analysis process attempts to identify and estimate % the impact of various kinds of data quality problems by comparing each % time series to neighboring series. At the end of the analysis process, % the "adjusted" data is created as an estimate of what the weather at % this location might have looked like after removing apparent biases. % This "adjusted" data will generally to be free from quality control % issues and be regionally homogeneous. Some users may find this % "adjusted" data that attempts to remove apparent biases more % suitable for their needs, while other users may prefer to work % with raw values. % % Lastly, we have provided a "regional expectation" time series, based % on the Berkeley Earth expected temperatures in the neighborhood of the % station. This incorporates information from as many weather stations as % are available for the local region surrounding this location. Note % that the regional expectation may be a systematically a bit warmer or % colder than the weather stations by a few degrees due to differences % in mean elevation and other local characteristics. % % For each temperature time series, we have also included an "anomaly" % time series that removes both the seasonality and the long-term mean. % These anomalies may provide an easier way of seeing changes through % time. % % Reported temperatures are in Celsius and reflect monthly averages. As % these files are intended to be summaries for convenience, additional % information, including more detailed flagging and metadata, may be % available in our whole data set files. % % The Berkeley Earth analysis was run on 15-Nov-2013 19:55:48 % % Raw Data QC Continuity Adjusted Data Regional Expectation % Year, Month, Temperature, Anomaly, Failed, Breaks, Temperature, Anomaly, Temperature, Anomaly 1991 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.732 -0.273 1991 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.757 -0.852 1991 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.620 -2.129 1991 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.597 1.089 1991 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 17.801 1.519 1991 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.952 0.915 1991 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.599 0.101 1991 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.655 0.230 1991 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.473 0.113 1992 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.617 0.325 1992 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.075 1.419 1992 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.491 1.807 1992 4 10.022 0.309 0 0 10.022 0.309 8.621 0.616 1992 5 15.776 2.458 0 0 15.776 2.458 14.088 2.479 1992 6 17.169 0.711 0 0 17.169 0.711 16.182 1.433 1992 7 18.133 -0.084 0 0 18.133 -0.084 17.003 0.496 1992 8 17.375 -0.615 0 0 17.375 -0.615 16.207 -0.074 1992 9 14.959 -0.786 0 0 14.959 -0.786 13.778 -0.259 1992 10 9.317 -2.889 0 0 9.317 -2.889 8.124 -2.374 1992 11 9.496 1.363 0 0 9.496 1.363 7.508 1.083 1992 12 6.005 -0.063 0 0 6.005 -0.063 4.036 -0.324 1993 1 7.937 2.937 0 0 7.937 2.937 5.691 2.400 1993 2 5.605 0.240 0 0 5.605 0.240 3.954 0.297 1993 3 8.369 0.976 0 0 8.369 0.976 6.618 0.934 1993 4 10.804 1.090 0 0 10.804 1.090 9.221 1.216 1993 5 13.233 -0.085 0 0 13.233 -0.085 11.935 0.326 1993 6 17.167 0.709 0 0 17.167 0.709 15.531 0.782 1993 7 16.946 -1.270 0 0 16.946 -1.270 15.733 -0.774 1993 8 16.654 -1.336 0 0 16.654 -1.336 15.109 -1.173 1993 9 14.074 -1.672 0 0 14.074 -1.672 12.785 -1.252 1993 10 10.249 -1.957 0 0 10.249 -1.957 9.043 -1.455 1993 11 6.654 -1.480 0 0 6.654 -1.480 4.696 -1.729 1993 12 7.233 1.164 0 0 7.233 1.164 5.662 1.302 1994 1 7.167 2.166 0 0 7.167 2.166 5.053 1.761 1994 2 5.516 0.151 0 0 5.516 0.151 2.925 -0.731 1994 3 9.301 1.908 0 0 9.301 1.908 7.887 2.203 1994 4 9.170 -0.543 0 0 9.170 -0.543 7.964 -0.041 1994 5 12.301 -1.017 0 0 12.301 -1.017 11.029 -0.581 1994 6 16.626 0.168 0 0 16.626 0.168 15.426 0.677 1994 7 20.496 2.280 0 0 20.496 2.280 18.961 2.454 1994 8 17.955 -0.035 0 0 17.955 -0.035 16.581 0.300 1994 9 14.239 -1.507 0 0 14.239 -1.507 13.016 -1.021 1994 10 12.059 -0.147 0 0 12.059 -0.147 10.259 -0.239 1994 11 12.098 3.965 0 0 12.098 3.965 9.911 3.486 1994 12 8.323 2.254 0 0 8.323 2.254 6.461 2.101 1995 1 6.380 1.379 0 0 6.380 1.379 4.372 1.081 1995 2 8.296 2.931 0 0 8.296 2.931 6.178 2.522 1995 3 7.188 -0.205 0 0 7.188 -0.205 5.579 -0.106 1995 4 10.803 1.089 1 0 NaN NaN 8.763 0.758 1995 5 13.910 0.593 0 0 13.910 0.593 12.248 0.639 1995 6 15.231 -1.226 0 0 15.231 -1.226 14.050 -0.700 1995 7 20.471 2.255 0 0 20.471 2.255 19.116 2.608 1995 8 20.615 2.625 0 0 20.615 2.625 19.010 2.728 1995 9 14.770 -0.976 0 0 14.770 -0.976 13.698 -0.339 1995 10 14.977 2.770 0 0 14.977 2.770 13.254 2.756 1995 11 9.680 1.546 0 0 9.680 1.546 7.579 1.154 1995 12 4.272 -1.796 0 0 4.272 -1.796 2.421 -1.939 1996 1 5.862 0.862 0 0 5.862 0.862 3.619 0.327 1996 2 4.222 -1.143 0 0 4.222 -1.143 1.963 -1.694 1996 3 5.772 -1.620 0 0 5.772 -1.620 3.936 -1.748 1996 4 10.356 0.642 0 0 10.356 0.642 8.447 0.442 1996 5 10.658 -2.660 0 0 10.658 -2.660 9.520 -2.089 1996 6 17.246 0.789 0 0 17.246 0.789 15.411 0.662 1996 7 18.242 0.026 0 0 18.242 0.026 16.987 0.480 1996 8 17.995 0.005 0 0 17.995 0.005 16.697 0.416 1996 9 14.826 -0.920 0 0 14.826 -0.920 13.686 -0.351 1996 10 13.335 1.129 0 0 13.335 1.129 11.821 1.323 1996 11 7.772 -0.361 0 0 7.772 -0.361 5.648 -0.777 1996 12 4.683 -1.386 0 0 4.683 -1.386 3.078 -1.282 1997 1 3.749 -1.251 0 0 3.749 -1.251 1.747 -1.545 1997 2 8.250 2.885 0 0 8.250 2.885 6.263 2.606 1997 3 10.027 2.634 0 0 10.027 2.634 8.459 2.775 1997 4 10.589 0.875 0 0 10.589 0.875 8.674 0.669 1997 5 13.769 0.451 0 0 13.769 0.451 12.021 0.412 1997 6 15.694 -0.763 0 0 15.694 -0.763 14.490 -0.260 1997 7 18.728 0.511 0 0 18.728 0.511 16.933 0.425 1997 8 21.357 3.367 0 0 21.357 3.367 19.643 3.362 1997 9 16.350 0.604 0 0 16.350 0.604 14.632 0.595 1997 10 12.093 -0.113 0 0 12.093 -0.113 10.366 -0.132 1997 11 10.343 2.209 0 0 10.343 2.209 8.322 1.897 1997 12 7.579 1.510 0 0 7.579 1.510 5.971 1.611 1998 1 7.029 2.028 0 0 7.029 2.028 4.957 1.665 1998 2 8.792 3.427 0 0 8.792 3.427 6.645 2.989 1998 3 9.654 2.261 0 0 9.654 2.261 8.066 2.381 1998 4 9.272 -0.442 0 0 9.272 -0.442 7.781 -0.224 1998 5 14.896 1.578 0 0 14.896 1.578 13.137 1.528 1998 6 15.894 -0.563 0 0 15.894 -0.563 14.810 0.061 1998 7 17.213 -1.003 0 0 17.213 -1.003 15.918 -0.590 1998 8 18.382 0.392 0 0 18.382 0.392 16.562 0.281 1998 9 16.235 0.490 0 0 16.235 0.490 14.885 0.848 1998 10 11.935 -0.271 0 0 11.935 -0.271 10.827 0.329 1998 11 7.541 -0.593 0 0 7.541 -0.593 5.228 -1.197 1998 12 7.584 1.516 0 0 7.584 1.516 5.677 1.317 1999 1 7.704 2.703 0 0 7.704 2.703 5.557 2.265 1999 2 6.548 1.183 0 0 6.548 1.183 4.506 0.850 1999 3 9.384 1.991 0 0 9.384 1.991 7.663 1.979 1999 4 11.093 1.379 0 0 11.093 1.379 9.406 1.401 1999 5 14.864 1.546 0 0 14.864 1.546 13.434 1.824 1999 6 16.156 -0.302 0 0 16.156 -0.302 14.448 -0.301 1999 7 19.762 1.545 0 0 19.762 1.545 18.278 1.770 1999 8 18.403 0.413 0 0 18.403 0.413 16.811 0.529 1999 9 17.706 1.960 0 0 17.706 1.960 16.349 2.311 1999 10 12.518 0.311 0 0 12.518 0.311 11.133 0.635 1999 11 9.230 1.096 0 0 9.230 1.096 7.682 1.257 1999 12 6.565 0.496 0 0 6.565 0.496 4.712 0.352 2000 1 6.754 1.754 0 0 6.754 1.754 4.710 1.418 2000 2 8.079 2.714 0 0 8.079 2.714 5.793 2.136 2000 3 8.982 1.589 0 0 8.982 1.589 7.457 1.773 2000 4 9.650 -0.064 0 0 9.650 -0.064 8.070 0.065 2000 5 13.986 0.668 0 0 13.986 0.668 12.352 0.743 2000 6 17.381 0.924 0 0 17.381 0.924 15.719 0.970 2000 7 16.993 -1.223 0 0 16.993 -1.223 15.293 -1.214 2000 8 18.778 0.788 0 0 18.778 0.788 17.275 0.993 2000 9 16.704 0.958 0 0 16.704 0.958 15.455 1.418 2000 10 12.195 -0.011 0 0 12.195 -0.011 10.883 0.385 2000 11 8.961 0.828 0 0 8.961 0.828 6.981 0.556 2000 12 7.643 1.575 0 0 7.643 1.575 5.977 1.617 2001 1 5.457 0.457 0 0 5.457 0.457 3.160 -0.132 2001 2 6.653 1.288 0 0 6.653 1.288 4.199 0.543 2001 3 7.131 -0.262 0 0 7.131 -0.262 5.548 -0.136 2001 4 9.365 -0.349 0 0 9.365 -0.349 7.734 -0.271 2001 5 14.244 0.926 0 0 14.244 0.926 12.796 1.187 2001 6 16.513 0.055 0 0 16.513 0.055 14.791 0.042 2001 7 19.636 1.420 0 0 19.636 1.420 17.824 1.316 2001 8 18.749 0.759 0 0 18.749 0.759 17.512 1.231 2001 9 14.791 -0.955 0 0 14.791 -0.955 13.514 -0.523 2001 10 15.081 2.874 0 0 15.081 2.874 13.918 3.420 2001 11 9.100 0.966 0 0 9.100 0.966 7.160 0.735 2001 12 5.407 -0.662 0 0 5.407 -0.662 3.729 -0.631 2002 1 7.864 2.863 0 0 7.864 2.863 5.646 2.355 2002 2 8.714 3.349 0 0 8.714 3.349 6.764 3.108 2002 3 9.536 2.143 0 0 9.536 2.143 7.790 2.106 2002 4 11.215 1.501 0 0 11.215 1.501 9.314 1.309 2002 5 13.459 0.141 0 0 13.459 0.141 12.176 0.567 2002 6 16.443 -0.015 0 0 16.443 -0.015 15.256 0.507 2002 7 18.192 -0.025 0 0 18.192 -0.025 16.643 0.135 2002 8 19.077 1.087 0 0 19.077 1.087 17.457 1.175 2002 9 16.006 0.260 0 0 16.006 0.260 14.562 0.525 2002 10 12.224 0.017 0 0 12.224 0.017 10.513 0.015 2002 11 10.613 2.479 0 0 10.613 2.479 8.412 1.987 2002 12 7.647 1.578 0 0 7.647 1.578 5.946 1.586 2003 1 5.828 0.827 0 0 5.828 0.827 4.081 0.789 2003 2 5.986 0.621 0 0 5.986 0.621 3.483 -0.173 2003 3 9.539 2.147 0 0 9.539 2.147 7.512 1.827 2003 4 11.148 1.435 0 0 11.148 1.435 9.464 1.459 2003 5 14.179 0.861 0 0 14.179 0.861 12.675 1.065 2003 6 18.737 2.279 0 0 18.737 2.279 16.895 2.146 2003 7 19.622 1.406 0 0 19.622 1.406 18.114 1.606 2003 8 21.111 3.121 0 0 21.111 3.121 18.937 2.655 2003 9 16.702 0.956 0 0 16.702 0.956 14.895 0.858 2003 10 10.792 -1.414 0 0 10.792 -1.414 9.515 -0.983 2003 11 10.424 2.291 0 0 10.424 2.291 8.389 1.964 2003 12 7.237 1.168 0 0 7.237 1.168 5.296 0.936 2004 1 6.943 1.942 0 0 6.943 1.942 4.928 1.636 2004 2 6.736 1.371 0 0 6.736 1.371 5.054 1.398 2004 3 7.930 0.537 0 0 7.930 0.537 6.596 0.912 2004 4 11.415 1.701 0 0 11.415 1.701 9.607 1.602 2004 5 14.342 1.025 0 0 14.342 1.025 12.577 0.968 2004 6 17.715 1.257 0 0 17.715 1.257 16.207 1.458 2004 7 18.342 0.126 0 0 18.342 0.126 16.547 0.039 2004 8 19.480 1.490 0 0 19.480 1.490 17.902 1.621 2004 9 16.754 1.008 0 0 16.754 1.008 15.208 1.171 2004 10 12.604 0.397 0 0 12.604 0.397 11.205 0.707 2004 11 9.507 1.374 0 0 9.507 1.374 7.550 1.125 2004 12 7.292 1.223 0 0 7.292 1.223 5.464 1.104 2005 1 7.746 2.745 0 0 7.746 2.745 5.742 2.450 2005 2 5.532 0.167 0 0 5.532 0.167 3.574 -0.082 2005 3 8.570 1.177 0 0 8.570 1.177 6.995 1.311 2005 4 11.044 1.331 0 0 11.044 1.331 9.164 1.159 2005 5 13.477 0.159 0 0 13.477 0.159 11.890 0.280 2005 6 17.922 1.464 0 0 17.922 1.464 16.204 1.455 2005 7 18.434 0.217 0 0 18.434 0.217 16.913 0.405 2005 8 18.305 0.315 0 0 18.305 0.315 16.525 0.243 2005 9 17.257 1.512 0 0 17.257 1.512 15.689 1.652 2005 10 14.923 2.716 0 0 14.923 2.716 13.756 3.258 2005 11 8.024 -0.109 0 0 8.024 -0.109 6.122 -0.303 2005 12 6.369 0.301 0 0 6.369 0.301 4.525 0.165 2006 1 5.998 0.998 0 0 5.998 0.998 4.059 0.767 2006 2 5.218 -0.147 0 0 5.218 -0.147 3.423 -0.234 2006 3 6.269 -1.124 0 0 6.269 -1.124 4.808 -0.876 2006 4 10.376 0.662 0 0 10.376 0.662 8.489 0.484 2006 5 14.247 0.930 0 0 14.247 0.930 12.693 1.084 2006 6 18.741 2.283 0 0 18.741 2.283 16.674 1.925 2006 7 22.366 4.149 0 0 22.366 4.149 20.467 3.959 2006 8 17.753 -0.237 0 0 17.753 -0.237 16.306 0.025 2006 9 18.695 2.950 0 0 18.695 2.950 17.312 3.275 2006 10 14.970 2.763 0 0 14.970 2.763 13.600 3.102 2006 11 10.328 2.194 0 0 10.328 2.194 8.168 1.743 2006 12 8.326 2.258 0 0 8.326 2.258 6.722 2.362 2007 1 8.740 3.740 0 0 8.740 3.740 6.905 3.613 2007 2 8.071 2.706 0 0 8.071 2.706 5.628 1.972 2007 3 8.961 1.568 0 0 8.961 1.568 7.400 1.715 2007 4 13.669 3.955 0 0 13.669 3.955 11.232 3.227 2007 5 13.944 0.627 0 0 13.944 0.627 12.405 0.795 2007 6 17.178 0.720 0 0 17.178 0.720 15.423 0.674 2007 7 17.538 -0.679 0 0 17.538 -0.679 16.052 -0.456 2007 8 17.753 -0.237 0 0 17.753 -0.237 16.244 -0.037 2007 9 15.889 0.143 0 0 15.889 0.143 14.441 0.404 2007 10 12.672 0.465 0 0 12.672 0.465 11.245 0.747 2007 11 9.219 1.085 0 0 9.219 1.085 7.070 0.645 2007 12 7.213 1.145 0 0 7.213 1.145 5.386 1.025 2008 1 8.717 3.716 0 0 8.717 3.716 6.721 3.429 2008 2 7.649 2.284 0 0 7.649 2.284 5.060 1.403 2008 3 7.783 0.390 0 0 7.783 0.390 6.372 0.687 2008 4 10.013 0.299 0 0 10.013 0.299 8.096 0.091 2008 5 15.631 2.313 0 0 15.631 2.313 13.763 2.154 2008 6 16.957 0.500 0 0 16.957 0.500 15.109 0.360 2008 7 18.937 0.721 0 0 18.937 0.721 17.214 0.706 2008 8 18.108 0.118 0 0 18.108 0.118 16.805 0.524 2008 9 15.426 -0.320 0 0 15.426 -0.320 13.703 -0.334 2008 10 11.808 -0.398 0 0 11.808 -0.398 10.090 -0.408 2008 11 9.131 0.998 0 0 9.131 0.998 7.151 0.726 2008 12 5.909 -0.160 0 0 5.909 -0.160 3.996 -0.364 2009 1 5.065 0.064 0 0 5.065 0.064 2.748 -0.544 2009 2 6.024 0.659 0 0 6.024 0.659 3.742 0.085 2009 3 8.961 1.568 0 0 8.961 1.568 7.040 1.355 2009 4 12.630 2.916 0 0 12.630 2.916 10.107 2.102 2009 5 14.738 1.421 0 0 14.738 1.421 13.032 1.422 2009 6 17.593 1.135 0 0 17.593 1.135 15.485 0.736 2009 7 18.267 0.051 0 0 18.267 0.051 16.881 0.374 2009 8 19.461 1.471 0 0 19.461 1.471 17.694 1.412 2009 9 16.530 0.784 0 0 16.530 0.784 14.883 0.846 2009 10 13.581 1.374 0 0 13.581 1.374 11.849 1.351 2009 11 10.874 2.741 0 0 10.874 2.741 8.786 2.361 2009 12 5.654 -0.415 0 0 5.654 -0.415 3.659 -0.701 2010 1 3.409 -1.592 0 0 3.409 -1.592 1.349 -1.942 2010 2 1.204 -4.161 1 0 NaN NaN 2.485 -1.172 2010 3 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.445 0.761 2010 4 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.133 1.128 2010 5 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.248 -0.361 2010 6 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 16.027 1.278 2010 7 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 18.573 2.065 2010 8 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 15.993 -0.289 2010 9 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.145 0.108 2010 10 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.937 0.439 2010 11 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 5.465 -0.960 2010 12 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 0.404 -3.956 2011 1 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 4.093 0.801 2011 2 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 6.170 2.514